The Progressive Movement Of The American Progressive Era

When it comes to the American Progressive Era there is really no other movement like it. This was a movement that had not just one but many faces that ranged from people as big as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson to people like Jane Addams that accomplished so much. It was a movement so broad that it encompassed basically everyone and spoke not just to but for all those excluded from power. It also wasn’t just one big movement but a conglomeration of them varying from social, to economic, to political. After the Gilded Age and the rapid start of Industrialization many Americans were concerned that urbanization as well as trusts and monopolies were taking over the nation. In theory the Progressive movement was a response to this as well as the breakdown of representative government, the exploitation of women and children, and the growth of financial and industrial concentration. 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Essay on Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Annotated Bibliography

Goldfried, M.R., Burckell, L.A., Eubanks-Carter, C. (2003). Therapist self-disclosure in cognitive-behavior therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, Special Issue: In Session, 59(5), 555-568. Self-disclosure plays a significant role in the bond between therapist and client. It helps in facilitating positive changes in clients and aids positive outcomes of treatment. Self-disclosure enhances motivation and expectation. The authors of this article discuss how self-disclosure within the context of cognitive-behavior theories (CBT) uses reinforcement and modeling techniques to accurately self-disclose. These techniques have proven to be useful as therapeutic interventions. They discuss how research has shown that behavior change is†¦show more content†¦By examining the bond between a therapist and his client we can further understand how important the role of therapeutic alliance is in treatment outcome. The authors point out that therapeutic alliance plays a major positive impact on the outcome of therapy. Individuals who build good therapeutic alliances with their therapists experience more productive and effective therapy than individuals who do not. In this article the authors used data from 66 participants between the ages of 21-65 years-of-age who were suffering from major depressive symptoms only. They participated in a comparative treatment study where they received 16 sessions once a week of either CBT or PET. In the study 13 masters/doctorial candidates and 2 psychologists with 1-15 years of experience administered the therapy. Eight implemented the CBT focusing on cognitive schemas to facilitate change by using various homework sheets such as thought records and mood schedules. While the other seven implemented PET, which focused on attitudes to facilitate change. They used various treatment tasks to resolve cognitive-effective problems. 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Motor Skills Learning in Golf Coaching Lesson

Question: Discuss about three stages of motor learning and applying motor learning stages in coaching athletes. Answer: One of the primary aspects, which need to be analyzed, is that the athletes should respond and does not concentrate much on thinking on various aspects. An effective coach would target in developing the gripping and ripping power of the athletes. Thus, motor learning especially at the early stages plays a crucial role in the lives of the athletes by providing an idea of the movement. Furthermore, it helps in understanding the basic pattern of coordination. For achieving all these objectives, the learner needs to use verbal and cognitive protocols so that the accustomed problems are successfully addressed (Carson, Collins and Richards 2014). From the perspective of Coach, it can be stated that this simple paradigm is extremely helpful for guiding, understanding and thereby accelerating the motor learning protocol. Thus, a complete explanation of all these stages needs to be addressed in order to promote effective coaching impact on the athletes (Jensen et al. 2015). Three Stages of Motor Learning The motor skill acquisition factor is based on three distinct stages, i.e. Cognitive Stage, Associative Stage and the Autonomous Stage. Cognitive Stage For a new athlete, the issue related to the cognitive stage remains in understanding the entire scenario. It is often very difficult for an individual to lean a basic skill without having any knowledge regarding the subject on a before note. Taking an example of butterfly stroke, which is common in swimming practices, a new learner need to learn about the facts regarding the unnatural stroke, which is associated to the movement of arms and the kicks (Lee and Schmidt 2014). A learner would be subjected to numerous challenges if he/she is subjected to butterfly stroke without having a glimpse of the event or inheriting associated knowledge regarding the act. Thus, motor learning initiates with the cognitive stage along with the processing of the basic information regarding the act. Cognitive stage can be considered as the greatest parameter for the athlete as this stage involves the protocol of information processing. This is also known as the verbal motor stage. The stage is found to be involving the factor of conveyance (i.e. the verbal perspective) and acquisition (i.e. cognition perspective) related to the new information. In this stage, the person trying to process the information delivers an attempt to the cognitive in order to understand the basic requirements and the parameters related to the motor movement. In the theory of the new golf learners, cognitive stage plays a very crucial role which need to be analyzed by the coach effective and systematically. The novice learners need to encounter a golf lesson in the beginning of the course. Having never seen a golfer playing the game in a defined style would not trigger the excitement and the eager regarding the game. The coach need to understand that every learner is a mini tabula rasa who is always ready to learn. They need to watch the preceding classes of the golfers and thereby immediately get accustomed to the visual information regarding the same. The next factor, which needs to be analyzed by the golfer, includes the explanation of golf swings before beginning the game (Gredin and Williams 2015). This exercise is mainly based on the verbal interaction regarding the sport with the coach and the learners. Thus, it can be stated that the learners do not simply grow up to be an effective golfer, but should rely on the cognitive approac h at the very primitive stage. The cognitive stage is mainly characterized with large gains in terms of inconsistent performance and effective performances. In this stage, the factors of guidance, video analysis, slow motion drills, basic instructions, augmented feedback and the relating coaching techniques are systematically analyzed. According to the Closed Loop theory, it is important that the learner is provided with the necessary information, guidance, and time to establish sound fundamentals of movement. Similarly, in Schema Theory, it states that, Sometimes making errors and taking a constructivist approach to coaching and learning can be useful. Associative Stage The associative stage of motor learning mainly encompasses the parameters including much less verbal information, conscious performance, disjointed and awkward movement, adjusting making and the long period of time for completion of the task. At thus stage, the athlete mainly tend in developing the movement for adjusting along with stringing together in order to develop minute movement skills. This stage is also marked as the intermediate motor stage as it is found to be entitled to solving problems, which arises in the associated stage (regarding the performance of the skill). Based on the cognitive perspective, it can be clearly analyzed that an athlete attempts in translating the declarative knowledge to procedural knowledge. In other words, it can be stated that the athlete is transformed from what to do to how to do (Duivenvoorden, Kok and van Hilvoorde 2014). A new athlete, who is recently transferred from one program to another need to analyze carefully the reason for transfer. The level of performance needs to be analyzed and thereby the factors of any declination should be thoroughly monitored by the coach. If it is realized that the lack of progress is due to the lack of fundamentals, then the coach need to implement remedial courses of work. The factor of motor acquisition, which is eventually considered as the best approach needs to be explained thoroughly in order to improvise the performance that the person need to change. The changes, which need to be implemented, depend on the factors of old habits and the innovative fundamentals, which should be revised (depending on three motor stages, i.e. the cognitive, the associative and the autonomous) stages (Vine et al. 2013). The relearning protocol aims in acquisition of innovative information (i.e. the cognitive stage) and then following the frustrations related to the associative st age. Getting the athletes for relearning is often considered as a challenging factor for the coaches. Some of the athletes, especially the successful athletes often to comment, Hey, I was high school state champion doing it this way! Why should I change? Besides, the new movement feels awkward. On such situation, it is encounters that an effective coach replies that, Well, you could have won by even more had you done it the new way! Thus, it is very clear from such common statements in the sports field that the athletes feel quite awkward and uncomfortable while trying something new (Hayman et al. 2013). Moreover, they are also found to very reluctant in continuing with the effective change bought by the coach into their practice system, which often results in negative consequences. The verbal information provided in the three stages of the motor learning protocol provides information regarding the new technologies for activating or establishing a learning schema. Moreover, it helps in pr oviding the rationale and the perspective for persevering with the change. Autonomous Stage According to the concept of Fitts and Posner Paradigm, the Autonomous Stage is considered as the final motor acquisition stage, which needs to be handled very sincerely. It is often found to be accustomed to years of training sessions, which tend to arrive effectively in this stage. This stage is basically reserved for the elite athletes which is often found intermingled with the motor performance, It can be stated that the motor performance of the athletes becomes tentatively automatic and the cognitive processing demands are found to be very minimal. The athletes are seen to be capable of attending or processing other relevant information regarding the sport. This includes the position of defensive players, innovative strategies for the game or the other forms (or style) of movement which need to be implemented. This is found to be quite common in various sports, such as ice staking, synchronized swimming and the forms of dancing (Kmmel, Kramer and Gruber 2014). It is the most effe ctive stage where the athlete need to respond and thereby think minimally regarding the gripping factors and looking automatically to react (or enter a state of flow). It can be assumed that both these factors of bad outcomes and good outcomes are effectively associated to the autonomous stages. A significant performance would require much less attention along with cognitive demand regarding the engagement of the performance in the secondary tasks. It is often noted that there are several ineffective outcomes regarding the automatic performance of an athlete, which reinforces them to maintain incorrect movements. This is because the athletes are accustomed to certain level of comfort along with reinforcement, which is mainly associated to automatic performances (Barnett et al. 2015). This is evenly followed even when the approaches adopted by the individual is imperfect or uncontrollable. Thus, as the motor movement can be performed systematically and scientifically, it does not means that the movement is correct and acceptable. An effective coach would not permit the influence of such motor activity. As the athletes stop thinking about the innovat ive movement during the associative and the cognitive stages, then it is quite common that the person would also respond automatically by reverting onto the incorrect and old movement in the performance repertoire. The three stages of the motor learning session are summarized below: Table 1: Summary of Fitts and Posners Three Stages of Motor Learning Stages Process Characteristics Other Name Cognitive Motor Learning Gathering the information Associated to large gains and inconsistent performance of the athletes Verbal Motor Stage Associative Motor Learning Putting the actions all together Small gains are achieved along with the occurrence of disjointed performance and conscious efforts Motor Stage Autonomous Motor Learning Placing much time and practice The performance seems to be unconscious, smooth and automatic Automatic Stage (Source: Charness 2014) Applying Motor learning stages in coaching Athletes The athletes should be provided with detailed information in the early stages of their learning. They should be supplied with correct information, so that they can perform in a correct way. A clear and concise instruction is required in order to deliver the message to the athletes. If in case the athletes will not understand what is taught to them, then they will not perform in a correct way, then in this case the instructor is solely responsible for that action. Hence, a clear communication is required so that they can grasp the concepts easily. The instructor can understand the physics behind the teaching but he/ she should make the athletes understand these concepts in nonprofessional terms. The explanation of the three stages of motor learning and relearning process is necessary for the athletes. Generally, it is more difficult to relearn something than learning it for the first time. This complexity can lead to annoyance and this behavior can act like a hurdle in the learning pr ocess as well as the accomplishment of goal. The instructor should note about the performance of the athletes in all the stages. Proper evaluation will help to analyze the stage/stages in which relearning is required. The instructor needs to gain the trusts of the athletes and assure them that their performance will be enhanced in all the stages leading to a progression in their overall learning process. It is generally observed that some instructors are unsuccessful in fixing the movements. They know how to teach something correctly in the beginning, but not know how to fix a bad habit (Strachan, MacDonald and Ct 2016). Therefore, the understanding of cognitive theory and the approach of cognitive teaching will help them effectively. The instructors also need to be patient with the athletes during the associative stage. The associative stage is involved with the awkward and disjointed movements. Initially, the things do not appear easy because it is a learning process and it need time to understand the things (Kantak and Winstein 2012). If the instructor expects an immediate and smooth performance, then this expectation is useless and leads to disappointment in most of the cases. In this case, there is no need to fear and panic because this act can make the athletes more anxious and will interfere in their learning process. For example, some athletes fear the consequences of losing and the outcome of the result. Due to this, they always remain in a state of dilemmas (Anderson and Campbell 2015). Hence, the instructor needs to remain calm and patient. They need to facilitate learning with more confidence and should boost the morale of the athletes at every stage of the learning. The primary goal of the instructor should revolve around the performance of the athletes. The athletes should perform automatically. Though, it is already known that automaticity leads to the creation of an empty space in the working memory which results in the emergence of negative and unproductive thoughts. Therefore, the instructors should keep the working memory of the athletes with the right stuff (Riveiro et al. 2015). They should learn to monitor their thoughts and remove negativity from their minds. They should engage themselves in positive self-talk and should get motivated at every stage of the learning process in an effective manner. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that a coaching learning protocol mainly helps in developing the legitimate area of the enquiry. It is analyzed to be the base of information, which is developed along the serendipitous lines. An effective coach would sincerely target in influencing the personal along with the methodological interest of the scholars. They would not attempt in developing the conceptually oriented along with the consensual research agenda. Often it can be stated that there is a dearth of the research study, which tend to evaluate the content, structure and the provision related to coach learning. The factor relating the implication of such factor on the coaching practitioner needs to be analyzed thoroughly. In respect to this, an effective coach need to be analyze the rigorous examination regarding the content, assessment, delivery along with the impact on the professionals practice and knowledge. Recommendations Based on the above literature study, the following recommendations can be addressed: There are various different ways of understanding and thereby conceptualizing learning abilities Often there are relative absence associated to the empirically informed researches which need to be addressed in the coach learning The factor of theoretical eclecticism is highly preferable. However the parameter of coach learning should be designed in an explicit manner in order to relate to the assumptions and thereby co relate to an understanding regarding the learning and alignment of the objectives in the program The literature provides a little appreciation regarding learning and teaching preferences along with the needs of the coaches across various coaching domains and within the developmental spectrum Mentoring, Reflection and the parameter of Situated Learning are considered an important factor of structure learning. However, these parameters require effort and time in order to develop and thereby get embedded to the coaching learning techniques. An effective golf coach need to link all these changes effectively in the coaching practice in order to boost the magnitude of the training sessions Mentoring by the coach plays a crucial role in addressing the formal and informal learning sessions. It can be experiences as both negative and positive factors for the research evidences in order to identify its impact on the practice. The role of a golf coach is to influence content knowledge more effectively on the entire process and thereby monitor the entire scenario sincerely. References Anderson, R. and Campbell, M.J., 2015. Accelerating Skill Acquisition in Rowing Using Self-Based Observational Learning and Expert Modelling During Performance.International journal of Sports Science Coaching,10(2-3), pp.425-437. Barnett, L.M., Hardy, L.L., Brian, A.S. and Robertson, S., 2015. The development and validation of a golf swing and putt skill assessment for children.Journal of sports science medicine,14(1), p.147. Carson, H.J., Collins, D. and Richards, J., 2014. To hit, or not to hit? Examining the similarity between practice and real swings in golf.International Journal of Golf Science,3(2), pp.103-118. Charness, A.N., 2014. The Role of Practice and Coaching in Entrepreneurial Skill Domains: An International Comparison of LifeSpanChess Skill.The road to excellence: The acquisition of expert performance in the arts and sciences, sports, and games. Duivenvoorden, J., Kok, M. and van Hilvoorde, I., 2014. Motor Skill Learning in Groups: Some Proposals for Applying Implicit Learning and Self-Controlled Feedback.[Aprendizaje de habilidades/destrezas motoras en grupos: Propuestas para la Aplicacin de Aprendizaje Implcito, autocontrolado y retroalimentado].RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte. doi: 10.5232/ricyde,11(39), pp.33-47. Gredin, V. and Williams, A.M., 2015. The Relative Effectiveness of Various Instructional Approaches During the Performance and Learning of Motor Skills.Journal of motor behavior, pp.1-12. Hayman, R., Polman, R., Borkoles, E. and Taylor, J., 2013. The Influence of a Deliberate Practice Intervention on the Putting Performance and Subsequent Practice Behaviours of Aspiring Elite Adolescent Golfers.Talent Development Excellence,5(2). Jensen, U., Schmidt, M., Hennig, M., Dassler, F.A., Jaitner, T. and Eskofier, B.M., 2015. An IMU-based mobile system for golf putt analysis.Sports Engineering,18(2), pp.123-133. Kantak, S.S. and Winstein, C.J., 2012. Learningperformance distinction and memory processes for motor skills: A focused review and perspective.Behavioural brain research,228(1), pp.219-231. Kmmel, J., Kramer, A. and Gruber, M., 2014. Robotic guidance induces long-lasting changes in the movement pattern of a novel sport-specific motor task.Human movement science,38, pp.23-33. Lee, T.D. and Schmidt, R.A., 2014. PaR (Plan-act-Review) golf: Motor learning research and improving golf skills.IJGS,3(1). Milne, D. and Morrison, G., 2015. Cognitive behavioural intervention for the golf yips: A single-case design. Perreault, M.E. and French, K.E., 2016. Differences in childrens thinking and learning during attentional focus instruction.Human movement science,45, pp.154-160. Riveiro, M., Dahlbom, A., Knig, R., Johansson, U. and Brattberg, P., 2015. Supporting Golf Coaching and Swing Instruction with Computer-Based Training Systems. InLearning and Collaboration Technologies(pp. 279-290). Springer International Publishing. Robertson, S., Gupta, S., Kremer, P. and Burnett, A.F., 2015. Development and measurement properties of a putting skill test for high-level golf.European journal of sport science,15(2), pp.125-133. Sanli, E.A. and Lee, T.D., 2014. What Roles Do Errors Serve in Motor Skill Learning? An Examination of Two Theoretical Predictions.Journal of motor behavior,46(5), pp.329-337. Strachan, L., MacDonald, D.J. and Ct, J., 2016. Project SCORE! Coaches perceptions of an online tool to promote positive youth development in sport.International journal of Sports Science Coaching,11(1), pp.108-115. Vine, S.J., Moore, L.J., Cooke, A., Ring, C. and Wilson, M.R., 2013. Quiet eye training: A means to implicit motor learning.International Journal of Sport Psychology,44(4), pp.367-386.

Vodafone Customer Satisfaction Essay Example

Vodafone Customer Satisfaction Essay MARKETING RESEARCH INTERNAL ASSESSMENT ASSIGNMENT SATISFACTION OF VODAFONE CUSTOMERS BY RAHUL G GADDAM PGDM BT ROLL NO: 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the preparation of this report, I acknowledge the encouragement and assistance given by a number of people from IPE. I sincerely thank Dr. Reshmi Ann Thomas for providing assistance and guiding me in doing this project. I thank her once again for exposing me to research methodology and also exposing me to software package SPSS. I want to show my gratefulness to all the respondents who spared their precious time in answering my questionnaires. INDEX PAGE NO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 5 Executive Summary This research intends to investigate the relationships between the independent variables (offers,affordability,customer service, connectivity) and the dependent variable (customer satisfaction in Vodafone). It is a correlational study that measures the relationship by showing offers,affordability,customer service, connectivity as the independent variables and consumer preference as the dependent variable. The sample for this study was the IPE postgraduate students who use Vodafone as their service providers. Total 43 questionnaires were distributed among the undergraduate students and each questionnaireconsists of 14 questions. therefore 602 questions were used for data analysis. SPSS 15. 0 was used to analyze the collected data. We will write a custom essay sample on Vodafone Customer Satisfaction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Vodafone Customer Satisfaction specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Vodafone Customer Satisfaction specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Reliability analysis and stepwise regression analysis were performed for testing hypothesis. Finally, considering the time and resource constraints, the researcher tried to follow every possible guideline to establish the relationship between the variables. INTRODUCTION Vodafone is a mobile network operator headquartered in Berkshire, England, UK. It is the largest mobile telecommunications network company in the world by turnover and has a market value of about ? 75 billion (August 2008). Vodafone currently has operations in 25 countries and partner networks in a further 42 countries. The name Vodafone comes from Voice data fone, chosen by the company to reflect the provision of voice and data services over mobile phones. As of 2006 Vodafone had an estimated 260 million customers in 25 markets across 5 continents. On this measure, it is the second largest mobile telecom group in the world behind China Mobile. Mobiles places a vital role in our life these days. There are many network providers in the market. Vodafone is one of the major player in the telecom sector. This research is all about customers using Vodafone as their serivce providers. The customer has wide choice of selecting the network, among them Vodafone stands the first to be choosen and that is the reson why it is said to be worlds largest network. The main objective of this research is to find out whether the customers using Vodafone as their service providers are satisfied with its service or not. Satisfaction of the customer is the main priority of a service. More than 70% of its users are satisfied with its service (according to the researcher).

Supply Chain free essay sample

A real world example of a second-tier supplier is â€Å"Wisconsin Aluminium† which supplies aluminium fuel filter housing to Mechanical Devices Company. Mechanical Devices uses the fuel filter housing on an engine component that they produce for Caterpillar Inc. Therefore, Wisconsin Aluminium is a second-tier supplier. b). Second Tier customer: The first tier’s customer’s customer is the focal firm’s second tier customer. Second tier customers buy from first tier customers (who now become a re-seller). The second tier customer may or may not be the end user of the product or service. A real world example of a second tier customer could be a retailer like Superstore where they would purchase the groceries from their first tier customers (wholesalers) and they would become the end user’s retailer. c). A focal firm: A focal firm is â€Å"the initiator of an International business transaction, they conceive, design, and produce the offerings, (goods and services) intended for consumption†. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Note 1. A real world example of a focal firm would be VW. Basically, there are many firms that help in the making of the VW, a different firm may assemble the car, and another one may provide the means of distribution, but the focal firm is still VW, as it â€Å"their car†. Q1-2). Is the use of a large number of suppliers a good idea? Why or why not? Support your answer with real business examples. It all depends on the nature of the industry as to how many suppliers would be needed, however, a few good suppliers is what organizations should aim for. This is because the key to developing effective chain management programs is keeping the customer in mind. When individual firms in a supply chain make business decisions while ignoring the interests of the end customer, and the other chain members, these suboptimal decisions transfer risks, costs and additional waiting time along the supply chain, ultimately leading to higher end-product prices, lower supply chain service levels and eventually lower end-customer demand. Firms should have few good suppliers that they can manage successfully. Building successful, trusting relationships with all the top-performing suppliers is a key ingredient of an effective supplier management effort. These few good suppliers can then provide tremendous benefits to the buying firm and the entire supply chain. Higher purchase volumes per supplier typically mean lower per unit purchase costs, and in many cases, higher quality and better delivery service. These important characteristics of few good suppliers are strategically important to the firm because of their impact on the firm’s competitiveness. A real world example of a good supplier is Imperial Oil who provides gasoline to their retailers. Q1-3). Why do companies practice supply chain management instead of buying out their suppliers and industrial customers forming conglomerates? The reason why firms are practicing supply chain management is because they want to be able to focus more on core capabilities, while trying to create alliances, or strategic partnerships with suppliers, transportation and warehousing companies, distributors and other customers who are good at what they can do best. This collaborative approach to making and distributing products and services to customers is becoming the most effective and efficient way for firms to stay successful. Especially for firms with large system inventories, many suppliers, complex product assemblies, and highly valued customers with large purchasing budgets, these have the most to gain by practising good supply management techniques. For these firms, even moderate supply chain management success can mean lower purchasing and inventory costs, better product quality and higher levels of customer service—all leading to more sales. Q1-4). Explain how the emergence of the concepts of JIT (Just in Time) and TQM (Total Quality Management) in the 1980’s contributed to the development of supply chain management. In the 1980’s, intense global competition began and manufacturers utilized JIT and TQM strategies to improve quality, manufacturing efficiency and delivery times. JIT is a lean-production system and it results in faster delivery times, lower inventory levels and better product quality. The supply chains had to be developed because an important aspect of a lean system is the quality of incoming purchased items and the quality of the various assemblies as they move through the production processes. This is due to the characteristically low levels of inventory purchased and work in process in lean-oriented facilities. Thus, firms employing concepts of lean usually have a TQM strategy in place to ensure continued quality compliance among suppliers with internal production facilities. So there was a real need of a good internal control system and chain management processes to be developed and that is how supply chain management got designed. And every supply chain design management is different from the other even if they practice JIT and TQM, depending on where they will construct their distribution centres, what transportation modes they will use, how big they want their production facilities and warehouses. The bottom line is was that if a company wanted faster delivery times, lower their inventory levels, and still give the customers the best product quality, they needed to work in a supply chain setting in collaboration with other tiers to gain a competitive advantage in the industry. And this all has been possible because of new technology as well as the emergence of the internet. Q2-1). Briefly summarize HBR (1997) article â€Å"What is the right supply chain for your product? † by Marshall Fisher. Although there has never been so much technology and brain power applied to improving supply chain performance, the actual performance of many supply chains has never been worse. In some cases, costs have risen to new levels because of adversarial relations between supply chain partners as well as dysfunctional industry practices. The new ideas and technologies have not worked because companies lack a framework for deciding which ones are best for their particular situation. A framework is provided to managers for helping them understand the nature of the demand for their products and devise the supply chain that can best satisfy that demand. Once products have been classified on the basis of their demand patterns, they fall into one of two categories: they are either primarily functional or primarily innovative. The root cause of the problems plaguing many supply chains is a mismatch between the type of product and the type of supply chain. Fisher states that products generally fall into two categories-innovative and functional-each requiring fundamentally different processes and goals. The first step to creating efficiency comes from assessing the supply chain and deciding which of the two product categories is following through it. This step is critical, in that innovative and functional products call for significantly different approaches to supply chain management. If products are functional, for example toothpaste, businesses should follow time-tested business models for identifying and trimming excess from different points along the supply chain. If, on the other hand, products are innovative, businesses should create a responsive supply chain to control the unpredictable nature of demand for example Louis Vuotton handbags. Q2-2). Explain the role of physical costs and market mediation costs according to Fisher’s article as they relate to different supply chain structures. Provide at least three examples each of physical costs and market mediation costs. Supply chains perform two distinct types of functions: a physical function and a market mediation function. A supply chain’s physical function is readily apparent and includes converting raw materials into parts, components, and eventually finished goods, and transporting all of them from one point in the supply chain to the next. Less visible but equally important is market mediation, whose purpose is ensuring that the variety of products reaching the marketplace matches what consumers want to buy. Each of the two functions incurs different costs. Physical costs are costs of production, costs of transportation and costs of inventory storage. Market mediation costs arise when supply exceeds demand and a products has to be marked down and sold at a loss or when supply falls short of demand, resulting in lost sales opportunities and dissatisfied customers. Market mediation costs can be costs of shortages, costs of obsolescence, and costs of holding excessive supplies. Q2-3). Provide at least two â€Å"real-industry† examples of product-supply chain mismatch which are out of the â€Å"strategic fit zones†. Clearly explain why and how they are out of â€Å"strategic fit†. Two â€Å"real-industry† examples of product selling supply chain mismatches are the automobile industry and the computer industry, as per Fisher’s paper. In the automobile industry for example, there are some cars such as the Ford Fairmont, which are inherently functional, while others, such as the BMW Z3 roadster, are innovative. A lean, efficient distribution channel is correct for functional cars but not appropriate for innovative cars, which requires inventory buffers to absorb uncertainty in demand. The most efficient place to put buffers is in parts, but doing so directly contradicts the JIT system that automakers have so vigorously adopted in the last decade. So, in the automobile industry, there is a variety of different makes and models (innovative) available for the consumer but when you visit the dealership, if you order a vehicle with your desired options, you may have to wait 4-6 weeks for delivery. That means, even though they are being innovative, they are not being responsive as they should be which would be a mismatch. Same goes with the computer industry—even though PC’s and workstations have replaced mainframes as the dominant technology, and even though acceptable lead time has dropped, because the computer industry has largely retained its emphasis on a physically efficient supply rather than a highly responsive supply chain, most computer companies find themselves in a mismatched situation and position themselves in the upper right hand cell of the matrix. Supply Chain free essay sample Gradual, long-term movement in time-series data is called a. seasonal variation b. cycles c. trends d. exponential variation e. random variation Which of the following is not present in a time series? a. seasonality b. operational variations c. trend d. cycles e. random variations The fundamental difference between cycles and seasonality is the a. duration of the repeating patterns b. magnitude of the variation c. ability to attribute the pattern to a cause d. all of the above In time series, which of the following cannot be predicted? a. large increases in demand b. technological trends c. easonal fluctuations d. random fluctuations e. large decreases in demand What is the approximate forecast for May using a four-month moving average? Which time series model below assumes that demand in the next period will be equal to the most recent periods demand? a. naive approach b. moving average approach c. weighted moving average approach d. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page exponential smoothing approach e. none of the above Which of the following is not a characteristic of simple moving averages? . it smoothes random variations in the data b. it has minimal data storage requirements c. it weights each historical value equally d. it smoothes real variations in the data 21. 3 22. A six-month moving average forecast is better than a three-month moving average forecast if demand a. is rather stable b. has been changing due to recent promotional efforts c. follows a downward trend d. follows an upward trend Increasing the number of periods in a moving average will accomplish greater smoothing, but at the expense of a. manager understanding b. accuracy c. stability d. esponsiveness to changes Which of the following statements comparing the weighted moving average technique and exponential smoothing is true? Exponential smoothing is more easily used in combination with the Delphi method. b. More emphasis can be placed on recent values using the weighted moving average. c. Exponential smoothing is considerably more difficult to implement on a computer. d. Exponential smoothing typically requires less record-keeping of past data. Which time series model uses past forecasts and past demand data to generate a new forecast? a. naive b. moving average c. weighted moving average d. xponential smoothing Which is not a characteristic of exponential smoothing? a. smoothes random variations in the data b. easily altered weighting scheme c. weights each historical value equally d. has minimal data storage requirements Which of the following smoothing constants would make an exponential smoothing forecast equivalent to a naive forecast?

The Lost Ones 8211 Young Chinese Americans essays

The Lost Ones 8211 Young Chinese Americans essays The Lost Ones Young Chinese Americans Due to harsh immigration laws, in American history, Chinese have often relied on illegal means of entering the United States. For example, in 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act (Chinese Exclusion Act, Documents on Anti-Chinese Immigration Policy.) was passed, the first and only act that restricted immigration from one particular ethnicity. This act restricted immigration of Chinese labourers. In 1888, this act was extended to all Chinese immigrants except for officials, teachers, students, tourists, and merchants. However, not all-prospective immigrants made it to the shores of America safely. The United States is well aware of illegal immigration and rings operating these smuggling operations. Therefore increased vigilance at America's doors has led to the capture of many Chinese illegal immigrants. The result of above brief history of Chinese history in America is that these new comers at the time period of illegal entering of America would eventually result the wave of 3rd ge neration Chinese population along with Baby Boomers after World War II. The new generation was in the era of Civil Rights movement in the 1950~1970s. The talented, new 3rd generation possessed not only the despair of having an identity, but also faced the pressure from the elder generation of their origin cultures. It is true and inappropriate that the newer the generation, the more they refuse their own cultures. However, from what it took the elder generations of Chinese/Asian Americans for the younger generation to be able to live under the aegis of liberty, freedom, stable society, and satiating living; I think that the younger generations should be proud of, and respect the elder generation and who they really are. Chinese who still tried to enter the United States needed to pretend that they were merchants. Others pretended to be relatives of people living in the United States. Chinese Ame...

Leadeship Styes and Ethics for Law Enforcement Administrators Research Paper

Leadeship Styes and Ethics for Law Enforcement Administrators - Research Paper Example Leaders in the law enforcement agencies should themselves exercise high ethical standards which would then influence the followers to follow suit. The issue of ethical leadership has never been so relevant in law enforcing than it is today given the current issues of corruption, racial discrimination, violence and brutality and other escalating criminal activities. Given this chaotic nature of our streets, it is possible that law enforcers feel only connected to their ethical and professional obligations in theory, but on the ground, such ethics is thrown through the window due to the unpredictable and complex situations. This is where ethical leadership comes in to constantly offer training and guidance to the followers and encourage them always to remain within the boundaries of ethical standards and professional code of conduct governing the service. Leadership is an appreciated topic in all types of organizations, both private and public and is considered an essential component in the steering of organizational goals and objectives. Law enforcement agencies have also endeavored to institute effective leaders within its ranks due to the realization that quality leadership directly affects the quality of performance. Leadership can be taken to mean the process where a person or groups of persons selects, trains, and influences one or more followers to appreciate and agree to what needs to be done to realize the mission and objectives of the organization (Lussier & Achua, 2012). This, as Lussier & Achua (2012) notes, can be achieved by such leaders through humbly conveying a prophetic vision for the future of an organization in a manner that respects and identifiable with the beliefs and values of the followers. According to Lussier & Achua (2012), leadership has several key components which include: Leadership is a process that t akes