Thursday, February 28, 2019

Prose Appreciation “The Fly” By Katherine Mansfield Essay

The Fly by Katherine Mansfield is a short floor which focuses on the trials and tribulations faced by those who wooly relatives in World struggle One. Many who lost family and friends in the contend struggled for years with tribulation, while others original the shortcomings and managed to overcome it. Every hotshot(a) faced their own challenges, and alwaysyone overcame them different counselings, or in well-nigh cases not at all. Katherine Mansfield is one of many people who lost relatives in the war. She herself lost her brother in WW1 like Mr. Woodifield and the antique did. She wrote this novel because she tangle like she was a victim of helplessness and darkness, struggling with grief and as well struggling with the Tuberculosis treatment she was going through at the time. This relates to the story because the boss mat up like he was on his own after the death of his password, Ever since his birth the boss had worked at building up this business for him it had no other meaning if it was not for the boy. He felt like he had no reason to do anything, like he was helpless and in the dark.The theme time is a great healer fits these thoughts, because no matter what the boss might th sign, over time he is slowly acquire over the death of his son even though he said Time, he declargond then, he had told everybody, could make no difference. Six years abide down passed since the death of their sons, and Mr. Woodifield has overcome his grief, and has forgotten closely his son, needing the help of whisky to remember that his daughters visited his grave. The boss yet, believes that he is still molded with grief, when in fact he has overcome it. He can no thirster cry when his son is mentioned, and he can no longer use the pic on the wall to force the emotions of grief on him. He forgets about his son, and that indicates that perhaps he is over his grief much than he would like to think. Time has healed him, and made it so he can no longer grieve as he use to. Mr. Woodifield is the one who forces the boss to come to terms with his feelings. He is simply see his old friend and employer, when he recalls that he had something to tell him, notwithstanding he could not remember what it was.Feeling pity for the man who is on his live on pins, the boss offers him a drink of whisky to help recall his memories, which Mr. Woodifield is roaring in doing. However the memories are not pleasant ones for the boss. Mr. Woodifield informs him that his daughters went tovisit his son Reggies grave, and happened to see the boss son there. They remark that the graves are well-kept and very nice. This brings up memories that the boss didnt want to remember, and as soon as Mr. Woodifield had left, he asks his messenger to let no one bother him for a half hour. During this time the boss attempts to recall his feelings of grief for his son, and failing to do that he turns to the photograph, hoping that entrust help. A fly however falls into hi s inkwell and forces his attention towards it, coincidentally making him once again forget his son. He focuses on the fly and helps it out, then watching as it cleans itself. He decides that he will test the fly, and proceeds to drop ink onto it.On the fourth drop the fly gives in, and the boss throws it away, just as he did with his memories of his son, which For the life of him he could not remember. Similes play a break open in making the reader understand the story. For example when describing Mr. Woodifield using the simile He peered out of the great, green leather arm-chair by his friend, the bosss desk, as a baby peers out of its pram, gives you the impression that Mr. Woodifield is perhaps getting on in age, and yet is still curious about everything that goes on around him. Another example is when Katherine talks about grief manifestation we cling to our last pleasures as the tree clings to its last leaves, meaning that the boss refused to let go of the grief, even thoug h subconsciously he had already done so. The use of the metaphor The day had come when Macey had handed him the conducting wire that brought the whole place crashing about his head, forces the reader to imagine the boss feelings and answer when he got the news about his son. He was devastated, and the metaphor used in reality enforces the point.To further enforce the point of devastation and grief, imagery is used. The two study ones are the fly and the boss himself, however there is also the photograph on the wall. The boss represents all those who have lost someone in the terrible war, yet they kept a faade of world strong, and being the leader when in public, and when in private they were grieving their loved ones. He is a symbol of authority and power, keeping control when needed. The fly symbolizes those who lost their lives in the war. The young men who were shipped off to fight for their country, and who were getting more than and more worn out the more years the war we nt on for. It symbolizes the constant struggle they had to deal with, and eventually they couldnt handle it no more. Eventually the last inkblot killed the fly, justas the last year of war killed a lot of the remaining young men and their innocence.The photo, while not mentioned as much, represents the innocence the young men had, and then lost in their first year of war. The things they had to do and see robbed them of the boyish innocence they went in with. The expression was unnatural. It was cold, even stern-looking. They all were changed by the horrendous happenings that they had to bear visit too. Overall this story sends out a message that everyone has their own way to grieve and everyone will spend different amounts of time doing so. Eventually however time will heal even the worst feelings of grief, and that is why I liked this story. It shows that no matter what things will get better one day. Things will get better, even if you dont believe it ever will. Others should re ad this story, because at some time in their lives, they will have to face a challenge, and this story will remind them that time will help. They wont overcome it straight away, but with time, they will get better. Just like Mr. Woodifield, and even the boss did.

Music and Its Effects on Behaviors in Teenagers and Young Adults

Jorja M. Rea Professor Andre Yang incline 1A 25 November 2012 Music and its effects on Behaviors in Teenagers and Young Adults flick this A childlike manhood is arrested for murder, twisting and cursing at the legal philosophy as his mother watches from the sidewalk. It is light enough aside that you can stop, non faraway from him, lays the body of a materialisation wo workforce. She was his girlfriend, whom he had beaten to death. This unfledged man is just iodine of many modern adults that are being arrested for committing vicious crimes in our golf club. Barongan and Nagayama H tout ensemble (1995) examined the effects of cognitive distortions in men had towards women.The men in this study viewed women in a internally battleful way. The mens style was observed in a search laboratory setting. Twenty-seven men listened to misogynous knap medicinal drug and 27 men listened to neutral rap medication. Participants then viewed neutral, internally- boisterous, and assaultive film vignettes and chose the vignette that they ensnare appealing. The results showed that participants who viewed the sexual- scarlet stimuli indeed felt sexually reddened towards women, even having thoughts of raping and abusing women.That young man will spend the next 3 years of his teenage bearing in a jovial facility and then be relocated to prison once he turns 18. What happened that caused a young man with a 3. 0 GPA to go from good to bad? According to Ortiz (2004) it all has to do with the human brain. The human brain has been called the most complex slew in the known universe. This is a well-deserved reputation, for this organ contains billions of connections called neurons. Among its parts and governs countless actions, willing and voluntary, physical, mental and emotional. The largest part of the brain is the anterior lobe.A small area of the frontal lobe located behind the forehead, called the prefrontal cortex, admits the brains most sophisticated f unctions. This part practically referred to as the CEO of the body, providing humans with advanced cognition. It allows us to introductoryitize thoughts, imagine, think in the abstract, anticipate consequences, plan, and control impulses. Along with everything else in the body, the brain changes pregnantly during adolescence. In the last five years, scientists, using impudently technologies, such as an MRI, score discovered that adolescent brain is far less developed han previously believed. Doctors of Harvard Medical School claim canvass the relation amid these new findings and teen behavior and concluded that adolescents often rely on emotional parts of the brain, the Amygdala, rather than the frontal lobe, one of the things that teenagers seem to do is to respond more strongly with gut receipt than they do with evaluating the consequences of what theyre doing. Since this young man, and many countless others in his position, leave outs a complete prefrontal cortex they are forced to use the Amygdala.Fight or Flight is all it tells us to do. Thus, without any clear knowledge these young people are forced to find role models who the feel ask them. They turn to medicinal drug for its lyrics and beat and this is where the trouble begins. Mahiri and Conner (2003) tested whether or not it is true that our African-American youth is more violent than other nationalities and why. Is it the rap medicine that they may listen to? The researchers assessed the perspective on emphasis of 41 middle school students attending a unique school in a low-income section of a large northern California city.The researchers probed ways that these students interpreted or reflected upon rap practice of medicine and hip-hop culture, particularly its histrionics of hysteria, crime, and sex. A brief questionnaire was handed out to each of these participants, which consisted of scenario questions (what would you do if). base on the responses to the questions researchers were able to come to the conclusion that these particular students were unfortunately looking at up to these negative role models. The constant talk of female assault, sex, and abandon was being imbedded into these childrens minds. And it doesnt end at that place. Many other researchers have examined the effects of how unisonal genres have increased tendencies towards violet behaviors in teenagers and young adults. These studies have helped to uncover whether or not violent and offensive medicament and medication lyrics have had in fact, increased the rate of individuals that lash out in a violent, aggressive manner.Although none of the researchers in this write up considered the lack of the prefrontal cortex as a results as to why these young adults are so effects by the images they see or the harmony they listen to, they did however find something else altogether these studies were done to inform society on how music is affecting peoples moods. For example Anderson et al. (2003) canvass whether or not media wildness influences youth. They randomly delegate youths to watch each a short violent or a short unprovocative music pic and then observed how they interacted with other people afterwards viewing the music video.After each participant watched the music video for about 15 minutes, both physical and verbal aggression towards others was assessed using a 10-point scale with 1 showing passive behaviors and 10 showing a lot of violent behaviors. A correlational statisticsal analysis was used to see if there was a relationship amid a participant watch the violent music video and acting violent, or watching the unprovoking music video and not acting violent. The results showed that pic to media violence had a statistically significant association with aggression and violence among youth.This research clearly demonstrates that exposure to media violence heightens the chances that a youth will fare aggressively and have aggressive thoughts in the short run. Arlin (1996) examined the influence of exposure to violent agitate videos on participants appraisals of their own aggressiveness. Participants were preselected based on their scores on a measure of locus of control. After complete a measure of Buss and Durkees Hostility Inventory, they were randomly charge to view either a view or nonviolent music video. After viewing the video, participants once again completed the Hostility Inventory.The results revealed a main effect of locus of control, such that individuals with an external locus of control showed lower self-reported aggressiveness after viewing a music video than individuals with an internal locus of control. Johnson, Jackson and Gatto (1995) studied whether exposure to rap music could cause violent attitudes and delayed faculty member performance. Forty-six African-American males (ages 11 to 16 years) from an inner city boys club in Wilmington, North Carolina were recruited to introduce in this study. P articipants were randomly exposed to violent rap music videos, nonviolent rap music videos, or no music videos.They read cardinal vignettes involving (a) a violent act perpetrated against a man and a muliebrity and (b) a young man who chose to engage in academic pursuits to strain success, whereas his friend, who was unemployed, mysteriously obtained extravagant items (i. e. , a nice car, nice clothes). The results showed that participants who byword the violent rap music videos reported greater acceptance of violence. In addition, participants who saw the violent rap videos reported extravagantlyer probability of committing similar acts of violence and greater acceptance of the use of violence against women. St.Lawrence and Joyner (1991) examined the effects of sexually violent thrill videos on males acceptance or violence against women. The experimental exercise involved exposure to sexually violent heavy-metal rock music, Christian heavy-metal rock music, or easy listening classical music. One month prior to the experimental manipulation, participants were administered several attitudinal scales about religious orientation, sex roles, rape myths, and social violence. The results indicated that males without a religious background were more accepting of sexist and rape-supportive beliefs.The researchers too came across an unexpected finding which was greater self-reported sexual arousal in response to classical music. Kalof (1999) examined the effects of gender and music video imagination on sexual attitudes. A group of 44 U. S. college students were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups that viewed either a video portraying uninspired sexual resource or a video that excluded all sexual images. A two-way scale revealed that exposure to traditional sexual imagery had a significant main effect on attitudes about adversarial sexual relationships. There seems to be some confirmation of a relation between sex and exposure to conventional sexual imagery o n the acceptance of interpersonal violence. Viemero and Paajanen (1992) examined whether or not viewing violent television real does increase the aggressive behavior of those who viewed it. There were 391 eight-year old and ten-year old children combat-ready in this study. These children were tested on their aggression, their fear fantasies, and their dream and fantasies about these shows. cardinal measurements of aggression were made peer-nominated aggression and self-related aggression.TV viewing habits were measured by the sum of money of TV viewed during the week. Violence was depicted by how regularly violent TV shows were watched. They found that there was significant positive correlation for boys between TV viewing variables and aggression. There was also a significant positive correlation between the amount of TV and televised violence viewing and fear and aggressive fantasies about actual shows that were seen by the children. These children seem to have been strongly squeeze by the violence seen on television shows they were watching, and then acting in a more aggressive way after watching the violence.Now that the It seems very obvious that there is a significant relationship between listening to violent music and watching aggressive/violent music videos and one getting into more fights, using inappropriate language, inappropriate gestures, and a tendency to think less of women. All of these researchers identified in this physical composition studied this exact relationship and found significant results. It is apparent that there is indeed a direct correlation between violent music and peoples aggressive behaviors.An operational definition of violent behavior is physically and verbally hurrying others, cursing, stealing, inappropriate gestures and negative views of women. Whether it is the lyrics, the beat, or watching the entertainers act violently, people in general who are viewing these music videos are behaving in an inappropriate and dest ructive way. Listening to violent music has an effect on aggression. This information is useful for parents of young children who are growing up watching these music videos. The studies completed by the researches mentioned in this paper reveal a serious problem.Our society as a on the whole should consider this a severe problem, especially with all of the school bombings, the high rates of angry- gang affiliated- weapon carrying young people, and the millions of dollars being spent on this violent and degrading (mostly to women) kind of music. When angry, violent, aggressive, vulgar videos were shown, participants portrayed a big amount of hostility their moods were changing as the video continued as did their behavior. They also answered the scenario questions with the most violent answer chose available.The participants who viewed nonviolent videos showed amazingly unalike answers to the questions, the majority of them answering the questions with the nonviolent or calmer ans wer choses. This clearly shows test that allowing teenagers and young adults to watch violent music videos (like Eminem or DMX) has and will have a strong effect on violent tendencies like walloping a women to death. It can also be said that the reason the results were significant in the violent groups is because of the extreme difference between the two videos.The violent videos were extremely violent showing fighting, carjacking, yelling, cursing, and hitting women. Meanwhile, the nonviolent groups watched music videos that showed people dancing on the beach and having fun. The extreme differences between the two types of videos could be the reason for the significant results obtained by the researchers. It may be wise in the future research to use videos that are not so enormously different. Bibliography Anderson, C. A, Berkowits, L. , Donnerstein, M. , Edward, K. , Huesmann, L. , Rowell, J. , Johnson, J. , Linz, D. , Malamuth, N. , & Wartella, H. 2003). The influence of media violence on youth. Psychological Science in the common Interest, 4, 81- 110. Arlin, B. , (1996). The influence of locus of control and aggressiveness of rock music on aggression. Journal of neighborly Behavior and Personality, 14, 491- 498. Barongan, C. , & Nagayama Hall, G. C. (1995). The influence of misogynous rap music on sexual aggression against women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 195-207. Mahiri, J. , & Conner, E. Black youth violence has a bad rap. Journal of Social Issues, 59, 121-140. Johnson, J. D, Jackson, L. A. , & Gatto, L (1995).Violent attitudes and different academic aspirations Deleterious effects of exposure to rap music. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 16 (1-2), 27-41. Kalof, L. (1999). The effects of gender and music video imagery on sexual attitudes. Journal of Social Psychology, 139, 378- 385. St. Lawrence, J. S. , & Joyner, D. J.. (1991). The effect of sexually violent rock music on males acceptance of violence against women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15, 49-63. Viemero, V. , & Paajanen, S. (1992). The role of fantasies and dreams in the TV viewing-aggression relationship. Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 109-116.

Brief Account of the Devastation of the Indies Essay

Based off of this reading, it can be put on that the conditions in the Indies during the time this text was written were not humane whatsoever. The actions of the Spaniards were very(prenominal) much barbaric, and completely contradict the religion which the Spaniards were trying so desperately to impose upon the natives of the Indies. Without having to go into detail, it is said by Bartoleme in the garner that the Spaniards would underwrite the tribe of the Indies as wild beasts, cattle, or animals. But he consequently goes back on this statement saying that in fact they toughened them less than livestock, because they at least took care of the livestock. This is a good utilisation of how barbarically the Spaniards ruled over the Natives. There was no respect for the Natives, redden though they were described as peaceful, passive, kind, and as overall decent human beings. and in the eyes of the Spaniards, the same people were seen as barbarians and savages. What makes the situation even more disturbing is that the Spaniards used the name of god to justify their pitiless actions. They saw it as their divine right to take over the Natives. Fortunately, thither were people like Bartoleme that wheel spoke out against these cruel acts. He wrote the letter describing all the acts of inhumanity towards the Natives to the King and Queen of Spain in order to take a shit rules and regulations that would regulate the actions of the Spaniards in the Indies. This alone was a substantial act of humanity.The just ironical part is that he suggests that the Spanish use African people instead of using the Natives of the Indies for labor. Unfortunately at the time, there were still stack amounts of racism, even amongst the most noble of men. Men such as Bartoleme who spoke out against cruel acts were still subject to their own racist antics. Although this wasnt very out-of-the-ordinary at the time, in todays world its despicable nonetheless. Its a very hypocritica l suggestion that he had for the King and Queen, and for that, would lose all credit for anything positive that happened to the Natives after his ideas were reinforced.

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

Gothic Art Essay

medieval nontextual matter refers to an art movement in the nerve center ages ( train de Bogart 70) that started in France around 1140 (the sentence that the ambulatory of the church building of Saint-Denis was constructed Encarta gothic nontextual matter and Architecture) and lasted up until late 16th century by means of come in atomic number 63 (Encarta medieval contrivance and Architecture). In this paper, an introduction to Gothic art, with a concentration on Gothic church architecture, shall be discussed. To effectively support an everywhereview of this elegant genius, this paper shall tackle the following the roots of the marge, black letter a discussion of the characteristics of Gothic architecture conclusion.Explaining the Term, Gothic The term gothic was apply by Giorgio Vasari (1511-1574), the Italian artist and historiographer k directn for this book on the historied architects, to refer to the artistic style that characterize the French churches much(pren ominal) as the Notre Dame de Paris and the Church of Saint-Denis (Chapuis Gothic artistry). The term came from the barbarians called Goths who were then known to want the civility that the mountain civilized people such as the Romans ought to have.These barbarians were virtuoso of the Nordic tribes ilkned to that of the Vandals as despoilers (Tarnocyova 69) that brought the civilization-filled Roman imperium into flames (Chapuis Gothic Art). As such, the Goths represent a regression or at the in truth least a certain sort of backwardness, crudeness, and lack of refinement. In fact, the Academie dArchitecture, meeting in 1710, still described unaccepted architectural manners as gothic (Tarnocyova 69). Hence, the term is originally a pejorative term that intends to put down an artistic style and arrange that the style is at the very least barbaric and rude.The reason wherefore Vasari charged the artistic style as gothic has nothing to do with the merits or demerits of the styl e. It also has nothing to do with the logic and ingenuity that the artistic style exhibits. Rather, Vasari, just like most people during the renascence, were victims of the prejudices of their percentage point. It should be recalled that the Renaissance was characterized by despise for tradition. As such, anything that belonged to the dark ages cannot be considered as advanced and of value. It is only fairly recent that the artistic manner and beauty of the gothic period is acknowledged for all its already-perceived merits.Gothic Architecture Gothic art is widely known primarily beca subr tabuine of Gothic architecture. In fact, as was already positd in the introduction, the beginning of the Gothic period is pegged on the time of the construction of the chevet of the Church of Saint-Denis. It was 1127 when Abbott Suger, then the Abbott of Saint-Denis who was also the confidant of French Kings like Louis VI and Louis VII (Wikipedia Gothic Architecture), decided to rebuild the Chu rch of Saint-Denis. This rebuilding eventually gave appearance to a new art period. How was this period initiated, then?At this point, it will be worthwhile to archetypal state the Abbots philosophical ideas that contributed a lot to the underlying religious ideology of the Gothic Saint-Denis. Abbot Suger was some sort of philosopher/theologian in his own right. Corresponding with the theologian Dionysius from Syria (whose philosophy was some sort of Neoplatonist Christianity) (Helfrich register of Gothic Architecture), Suger came with the theory that God could best be represent as a powerful fallible, as a supernatural discharge as he would call it (Helfrich History of Gothic Architecture), who through his omnipotence, inspiritualizes everything that is material.As such, Gods church ought to be a prepare where light is mostly present. Gods church, being the gathering sit of his people, ought to also be the place where God, as light, could put his people in concert repres ented by an enveloping light. With this in mind, Abbot Suger started rebuilding the western hemisphere front of the church first (the abbot left the Carolingian nave untouched and moved to reconstruct the eastern part of the church). The initial impetus that delimitate the changes that the abbot did on the church was the desire to put more light on the choir.He wanted the effect of having something like a supernal Jerusalem (Tarnocyova 69) that is primarily perceived to be luminescent, in one way reflecting the glory, majesty and power of the One True God. In this way, the Church acts truly as Christs earthly bride, bringing heaven-on-earth, making the bodily reflect what is spiritual. It was this eastern reconstruction that would eventually be considered the very first Gothic art. Putting this ideal was not an easy caper to do.In the first place, the Romanesque period created bulky churches with thick walls and fewer and smaller windows. The cosmos of light, then, would entail an architecture that was different from what was then principal(prenominal)stream. It was in the face of this task that Abbot Sugers architects thought of using a more cultivate technology, the pointed arch. The use of the pointed arch gave the architects additional flexibility that was not accessible through the curved arches. For one, the use of the arch meant lesser lateral thrust of the pileus on the walls (Chapuis, Gothic Art).In addition to this, the new transcription of ribbed vaults allowed for thinner columns, allowing the stone material of the vaults to be lighter (Chapuis, Gothic Art) and space to be wider. Another important technology is the loyal buttress that gave support to the thinner walls. These allowed for more space and more windows to be installed in these churches. More space and more windows meant more light penetrating the Church (or, in the case of Saint-Denis, the ambulatory of the church).Thus, Sugers ideal is now a reality and Gothic architecture, with its characteristic pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, is in the long run born. It does not mean of course that Abbot Suger thought of Gothic architecture from a vacuum. It has to be remembered that ribbed vaults, buttresses, clustered columns, ambulatories, wheel windows, spires and richly mould door tympanums were already features of ecclesiastical architecture (Wikipedia Gothic Architecture). til now the pointed arch which is used to typify Gothic architecture is not a product of a strike of genius.Assyrian architecture already made use of pointed arches as early as 720 B. C. (Wikipedia, Gothic Architecture). Islamic heraldic bearing in Europe, most especially in Spain, would account for the introduction of these arches in the West. What characterizes Gothic architecture then is not the presence of these individual architectural traits but the putting of these elements together forming a unique architectural style that allows for spires, space, pointed arches, ribbed vaults, grand rose windows, clustered columns, ambulatories to exist in one magnificent monument.Actually, as it could be noticed, these characteristics were put together not tabu of whim Abbot Suger did not put these traits together just because. Instead, these architectural traits were utilized because of a purpose the creation of light and space in the choir of Saint-Denis. Thus, as is always acknowledged, these beautiful architectural traits came together out of technical motivation. Gothic architecture then is a product of a technical and spiritual need that eventually is characterized by the typical Latin cross floor plan at the same literally show forrad height and light (Helfrich History of Gothic Architecture).Everything in a Gothic church shows forth height. This vertical emphasis could immediately be felt by an external viewer who may cristal in awe over the spires and pinnacles of Gothic churches. The facade as hearty as the entire west front of a c hurch has pointed arches, shafts, and main arcade all of which pointing up. These amplify the already overwhelming effect of spires that unanimously bring the gazers eyes to heaven. Entering the Gothic church would expect that ethereal experience since the nave of a Gothic church is usually very high in proportion to its width.Upon beting up, the gazer would be led to look the ribbed vaults all of which leading to a boss in a pointing way. Not only would the gazer be enamored by the height that uplifts the spirit there is also the magnificent ray of lights that passes through strain render and more magnificently through rose windows. Gothic churches are famous for these magnificent rose wheel windows the best ones such as those in Notre Dame and Chartres create the effect of the flooding of light all over the cathedral.These light rays are complemented by the large and numerous other windows in the church. The flooding of light and the univocal stress on height is once again com plemented by the Gothic sculpture on the tympanum or columns or totally not attached at all to architecture (Encarta Gothic Art and Architecture). Such architecture is characterized by naturalism at the same time the constant solemn disposition (Encarta Gothic Art and Architecture).ConclusionGothic art, specifically Gothic architecture, has been created initially out of the spiritual need that Abbot Suger problematized in Saint-Denis. This was then followed by the architectural-technical need to be able to answer to this spiritual need. These series of needs brought forth the fusion which is now acknowledged to be one of the greatest styles in architecture called gothic art.Works CitedGothic Architecture. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. 2 October 2007. 5 October 2007. . Gothic Architecture History Link 101. January 2004. 2 October 2007. http//www. historylink101. com/lessons/art_history_lessons/ma/gothic_architecture. htm. Gothic Art and Architecture. Microsoft Encarta Encycloped ia, 2002. Gothic Art. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. 4 October 2007. 5 October 2007. . Parts of a Cathedral. Medieval Time Reference. 2 October 2007. http//www. btinternet. com/timeref/cathpart. htm Chapuis, Julien.Gothic Art. In Timeline of Art History. October 2002. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 10 October 2007 http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/hd/mgot/hd_mgot. htm. Helfrich, Serge. History of Gothic Architecture. 10 October 2007 http//www. xs4all. nl/helfrich/gothic/architecture. hypertext markup language Tarnocyova, Bronislava. Gothic Architecture Bratislava Leaders Magazine III (2007) 68-69. Van de Bogart, Doris. Introduction to the Humanities Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Music and Literature. New York Barnes & Noble, 1970.

Managing in a Global Economy Essay

Hollister Co. is an Ameri scum bag lifestyle stigma by Abercrombie & fitch Co. The smart institute was launched by July, 2000. It is head one-fourth at New Albany, Ohio. Till 2012, Hollister already has 571 livestocks in the dry land Appendix 1. Like its resurrect gild, Hollister sells casual app arl which include enlace layers, tanks , graphic tees, polo shirt, plaid, classic, sweaters, hoodies, forbiddenwear, jeans, pants & shorts, skirts, dresses, sweatpants, and yoga and the accessories which include totes, belts, socks, and fragrance. The concept was origin e rattling bear(predicate)y designed to resolve in consumers get a yearn withd 1418, at a swal gloomy price than the leaven brand with its California-style inspired image and casual wear.Goods be for sales event in-store and through the fellowships on berth store. It was ranked as the second virtually preferred c distributehing brand of US teens on a eagle-eyed list of actual West Coast companies in 2008 by bagpiper Jaffray. (Hollister prescribed website, 2012) correspond to Abercrombie & Fitchs latest 10-k form, Hollisters kale come issue-to-earth revenue in 2011 and 2010 ar $2,022,002,000 and $1,552,814,000, sepa grazely. thither is 30% increase of lettuce sales from 2010 to 2011. Based on the data, we target figure discover that Hollisters net sales be al some two meters to its evoke company. hostile Markets Expanding MotivationThe motivations for Hollister to billow in extraneous merchandises result be defined as two categories. commencement ceremony of all, Abercrombie & Fitch wants to get disengage of its lower sales in U.S commercialise and earn profit from bring outback(a) involution. Abercrombie began to launch its involution plan outside the USA since 2007, driven at least(prenominal) in part by a weakening of its domestic help market. For the quarter ended July 28, Abercrombie reported a profit was dropped by nearly 52%. According to media repor ts, more(prenominal) than 135 of its Ameri green goddess stores brook been un standardizedable since 2010 and thither will be 180 closures in the following stratum. However, establish on Abercrombie & Fitchs 10-k form, the net sales of inter interior(a) stores argon increased steadily. The company thitherfore has juicy hopes for the European and Asiatic markets, where its expansion is being pushed forward. (WSJ, 2012) Hollister, as unitary and only(a) of its subsidiaries, plays a crucial role in the expansion plan beca office it has in effect(p) effect with spicyer net sales and extensive numbers of shop.An an early(a)wise(prenominal) evidence for Abercrombie & Fitch is Asia fit out market is come on maturation. Asias fashion and dress up market will stay to grow at a healthy clip through 2011-2015. The reason why we concent vaga obligate on on Asia atomic number 18a is beca make drug abuse of as forecast finalely year, clothing fill in Asia is mettlesomeer than the demand in western sandwich Europe and North America in 2011 Appendix 2. galore(postnominal) economists predict that demand will be driven by rising individualized fluid income levels and an increased focus on fashion appargonl, especially in the main(prenominal) cities. Said by Carrie Yu. As we know, numerous an early(a)(prenominal) contradictory app arl brands be already present in Asia, and they will spread steadily. hither we induct a figure to render the market demand growth in different Asia countries Appendix 3. after(prenominal) analysis the data and gross domestic product per soul at purchasing-power check bit Appendix 4, we choose triplet countries-Japan, large(p) of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore and Hong Kong-that atomic number 18 true(p) for Hollister to fatten in.Three Study Countries Singapore, Japan and Hong KongJapanOur get-go choice is Japan. Here we pee-pee two reasons to support our idea. First of all, it goes without saying that Japan is one of the just about potential countries in Asia. For years, Japan has been Asias richest and well-nigh plastered deliverance. It was the first Asian economy to industrialize, and the emerging Asian tigersHong Kong, Singapore, South Korea. thither argon three advantages for Japan to become a good expansion verdant. Firstly, the economy of Japan is the third monolithicst national economy in the sphere after the United States and the Peoples body politic of mainland China and is the worlds second monumentalst pay offed economy (Oced library, 2010).According to the global pecuniary Fund, the body politics per capita GDP was at $34,739 or the 25th racyest in 2011. Besides, according to Wipo resources, Japan is the worlds 3rd adultst automobile manufacturing agricultural, has the largest electronics goods labor, and is ofttimes ranked among the worlds close to innovative countries lea ding several(prenominal) measures of global patent filings. Summing up all these data, we arsehole figure out that Japan is a growing market.StrengthThe strength for Japan is it got the high up purchasing power. According to Appendix 5, the GNI of Japan is 45180 US dollar in 2011, while GNI of US is 48450. However, it doesnt mean that the purchasing power of Nipponese is lower than America citizen. The consumer spending is enormously high in Japan. expense is an important role of consumers. Consumer spending plays a signifi enkindletly frugalal constituent since it usually coincides with the overall consumer confidence in a nations economy. High consumer confidence indicators usually relate to higher(prenominal) levels of consumer spending in the stinting market.Consumer confidence provides presidential terms and condescensiones with an analysis on consumer perception. ( frugalalsHelp, 2011) From CIA factbook, we privy figure out that Nipponese is the third field which g ot higher purchasing power parity toward to Asia bea, besides China and India. Moreover, The Japanese ar rattling loyal to outside(prenominal) prestigious fashion brands such as Louis Vuitton and Gucci. The sales of these companies suck up been growing steadily with support from young consumers. As a subsidiary of Abercrombie &Fitch, Hollister moldiness play a leading role in fashion trends if we focus on marketing promotion. helplessnessThe main weakness for Japan sh atomic number 18d by two parts. Obviously, the first weakness is the unpredicted geography phenomenon. Everybody knows that Japanese personal line of credit down got a tough time by tsunami and temblor in late(a)ly years. These two disasters argon having large negative economic effects on Japan since it is a major role in global supply chain and as a inferr of net products. Based on this fact, we think Japan is not a good place to set up facility in order to produce clothes. Second of all, According to Reu ters (2011), Japans new political science faces a dilemma over how to keep its campaign promises while reining in gigantic debt, a fragile economy that could slip back into recession, and strains in ties with close security ally the United States. Thusly, we think Japan will not be an appropriate country because it got unstable political risk.OpportunityNo doubly that Japan is the core of fashion in Asia area. It is famous by its creativity and design toward to the upstanding world. As a result, as an apparel company, Japanese market has potential opportunity to be entered. According to Japanese fashion market report (2011), here we digest two advantages to analyse that Japan is a country full of fashion. 1. Japan is a decisive voguish country because it holds some fashion events yearlyly. Thusly, Japanese consumers are exquisite to trend cycles in the planetary fashion market because there are so many brands enter into Japan market every year. 2. They are significantly infl uenced by Fashion Magazines. Although technology is developed these years, magazine is facilitate playing an important role in Japanese teenagers life, like Mina, Rays, Vivi and etc. So if Hollister invest in Japan, focusing on magazine will be a good choice for this company when they doing marketing promotion. holy terrorEverything has two sides. Since Japanese fashion market is full of opportunity, it is in any case super competitive. According to Imported Luxury Brands Market in Japan blusher Research Findings 2011, imported luxury brands market in 2010 is estimated at 831.4 one thousand thousand yen, 92.9 % of the size in previous year. This data elbow room that there are many companies already in the market. The number of competitors in Japan is huge. According to Appendix 6, 24% market is have by US brands. after doing research, we known that Hollisters main competitors, Gap and American eagle outfitters, have already entered Japanese market. Whats more, even though t hey are owned by the homogeneous company, Abercrombie & Fitch, probably another biggest competitor, entered Japanese market since 2009. Appendix 7 In a conclusion, although Japan got higher purchasing power and fashion opportunity, it is lock in not an appropriate country to be entered because of the political risk and high competition.SingaporeSingapore is located in southeastern Asia at the gray tip of the Malay Peninsula the city- conjure of Singapore consists of a main island and some 60 islets. The country has a tribe of 4,740,737 in which the corking and major cities vex 3,654,103 populate according to the data last year. Although the country seems not as large as many other countries, Singapores gross domestic product was $326.8 billion and its per capita GDP of 61,103.36 US dollars in 2011 estimates is like to that of leading Western European nations, and its high standard of living and noticeable trading links have secured its position as one of ASEANs leaders (Glo bal way Warrior, 2012).Strengths1) Outstanding tax income organisation.When Japan cuts its merged tax rate this Sunday, the U.S. will have worlds highest tax rate on business income. The following chart has shown the data. (Figure Source Isidore (2012), CNNMoney)However, Singapores curb income tax rate is low which in a flatbed of 17% since 2010. It is oft cited as the leading example of countries to reduce corporate income tax order and introduce various tax incentives to attract and keep global investings. Since January 1, 2003, Singapore has adopted a single-tier corporate income tax dodge, which doer there is no double-taxation for stakeh fourth-years. Tax paid by a company on its chargeable income is the final tax and all dividends paid by a company to its shareholders are exempt from further taxation (Janus, 2012). dickens of Singapores unique advantages are its low effective personal and corporate tax rate. Personal income tax has a tier system that starts from ju st 0% and goes up to 20% for income supra $320,000. Similarly, effective corporate tax rate for Singapore private check companies for dinero up to $300, 000 is 8.5% and capped at a flat rate of 17% for profits above $300, 000 (Janus, 2012).Whats more, there are no dividend or capital procures taxes in Singapore. 2) High purchasing power.The GDP per Capita, in Singapore, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 278 per centum of the worlds medium. Consumer Spending in Singapore increased to 27,485.40 in may of 2012 from 27,467.20 in February of 2012. Historically, from 1975 until 2012, Singapore Consumer Spending averaged 12,752.67 r for separately oneing an all time high of 27,485.40 in whitethorn of 2012 and a record low of 3,553.90 in February of 1975 (Trading Economics, 2012). 3) Exchange rate & Labor hail.The USDSGD spot step in rate depreciated 0.0194 or 1.56 percent during the last 30 days. According to Janus (2012), The Singapore dollar has been cons istently appreciating against major currencies. It likewise got about $260 billion based on average exchange rates or $252 billion based on year-end currency rates last year.Historically, from 1980 until 2012, Singapore Labor Costs averaged 96.00 reaching an all time high of 129.93 in February of 2009 and a record low of 57.37 in May of 1980. These data are all lower than Hong Kong and Japans (Trading Economics, 2012). 4) political stability.Singapore is rated No.1 as the most politically stable country in Asia (Janus, 2012). 5) slope is main language.Singapore has a 10-year compulsory farming program commencing at the age of 7 years. English is the first language and the medium of instruction in schools (Global Road Warrior, 2012). This heart and soul almost 100 percent of People in Singapore speak and understand English well, which would bring much easier colloquy for Hollister to enter into the country, especially to the conference within the management level of Singaporea n while doing business. 6) Quick and clear registration.It only takes about 1-2 days to incorporate a company in Singapore, with the regime providing assistance along the charge (Janus, 2012). As the easiest place to do business in the world, Singapore company registration is a quick and late process, which involves just two procedures that can be send offd online within 24 hours for a retail outlet. A Singapore subsidiary can be all told owned by a immaterial company and is considered a separate legal entity from the parent company. Also, a Singapore subsidiary is generally treated as a local resident company and therefore is entitled to tax services operational to local companies (Janus, 2012).Weakness1) If you want to set up a limited liability company (LLC), there are two conditions that are required it must have two agents acting on its behalf in the country and one of them must be a Singapore resident, a inbred Singaporean, or someone who has a Singapore employment pass. 2) Singapore is among the most expensive in the world, as the cost of living here is very high. 3) Hollister has to shoot Singapore resident and qualified Singapore auditors to do the business news reports to run with government.Opportunities1) Singapore is one of the worlds famous obtain paradises. Its central business district has a lot of upscale obtain square from the latest fashion clothes, jewelry, watches, perfume, cosmetics to the sports goods and daily necessities etc. Singapores retail sector has done well in 2010 and well into this year on the back of the tourism sectors robust performance and in spite of a slowing economy in recent months. According to the latest retail sales index released by the Singapore Department of Statistics, Singapores retail sales excluding automobiles increased 7.4% year-on-year in princely 2011(Janus, 2012). Hollister, as the subsidiary brand under Abercrombie & Fitch, has very large opportunity to get benefits from abrupting reta il stores in the country. 2) Singapore is too ranked the No. 1 in tourism so there is the potential to do business.ThreatsFashion is a highly competitive patience worldwide, however Asia stands out for its stylish and practical design. Although Hollister is also a very famous American brand under A&F, it console faces strong competition from Asiatic fashion. Since Singapore emerges as global fashion apparel hub with large amounts of upscale obtain squares, the opportunity to exculpated shops in this fashionable country could also become a big threat.Hong KongHong Kong is a Chinese special administrative region situated in eastern Asia, with a 455-mile coastline on the South China Sea and a 19-mile border with China. Hong Kongs population is 95 percent Chinese, with the majority coming from neighboring Guangdong duty or within Hong Kong itself. The population was about 7,122,508 in 2011. Cantonese and English are the two official languages. Hong Kongs uncaring-market economy was vulnerable to the global economic crisis of 2008, but its increasing integration with China helped it to quickly recover (Global Road Warrior, 2012). The GDP in Hong Kong was worth 243.67 billion US dollars in 2011, which approximately equivalent to 0.39 percent of the world economy (Trading Economics, 2012).Strengths1) Well located.Hong Kong is located at the heart of Asia, alongside many of the regions most arouse business market such as Guangzhou, Taipei, Manila, and Bangkok etc. And it is the opening to Mainland China. 2) Free championship port.Easy government policies for foreign fashion brands. Hong Kong is known for its kick port status and easy customs procedures. Duty is paid on very few products. 3) Tax-friendly economies.Hong Kongs profit tax is capped at 16.5 percent according to the 2011 study, and there are no capital gains and dividends taxes (InvestHK, 2012).Weakness1) Most of good locations have already occupied by large local fashion chains or early enteri ng foreign fashion brands. 2) After the global financial crisis in 2008, the economies of Hong Kong tranquilize contain to recover. 3) Hong Kong has the lowest GDP in 2011 compared to Singapore and Japan.Opportunities1) There are large fashion-hungry population in the Hong Kong market, especially many people from Mainland China screw to go shopping in Hong Kong. 2) Some foreign retailers are in(predicate) in the Hong Kong retail market. In addition, Abercrombie & Fitch was prepared entering into the country, which would in a sense lay a good proveation to its subsidiary, Hollister.Threats1) argument with Many local fashion brands, such as GIORDANO, BALENO, Bossini, Esprit and so on. And what is declination is that these local brands all offer very cheap prices. 2) Many other foreign fashion competitors Hong Kong shopping malls are creating space for Swedish brand Monki and U.S brands Gap, Forever 21 and American eagle. Others like H&M, Zara, Mango and Japanese brand Uniqlo ha ve already established outlets in the city (Thondup and Tsang, n.d.). After reviewing the strength, weakness, opportunity, and weakness in the three countries, we chose to go business into Singapore. We strongly advise Hollister Co. to invest in Singapore where is a stable and strong economic, and a low risk country in political change.Singapore sellingSingapore is an island country. The land area is 714.3 Square kilometers. The population in 2011 is 5,260,000. The population density in 2011 is 7,257 per Square kilometers. Shenton Way is the fourth largest financial center, the side by side(predicate) Keppel port is one of the worlds busiest ports. According to Singapores economic structure, the manufacturing sector accounted for 25%, the construction industry accounted for 5%, sweeping and retail trade accounted for 16%, transportation and telecommunications accounted for 11%, the financial serve industry accounted for 12%, business services accounted for 12%, the hotel and cat ering industry accounts for 3%, the other accounts for 16%. Due to it is a small country, shopping is considered a kind of sport in Singapore. The government draw up a lot of plans on developing their shopping market. For one thing, many shopping malls almost per square mile are located in Singapore. grove Road, one of the famous shopping streets, is a 2.2 km long street and it is a retail and entertainment centre in Singapore. Orchard Road also contains a large number of high-end restaurants, coffee chain, nightclubs and hotels.There are many famous building and motley of retail store as well as there is large number of grand products with well-known brand. Theres practically a shopping sale of sorts all year round in Singapore, with the most notable one being the Great Singapore Sale. On the other hand, its a year-round shopping paradise. You only need to take a paseo down Singapores iconic shopping districts to find out whats in store for you. The best time to visit is during its annual eight-week Great Singapore Sale, when all kinds of discounts and deals pop up island-wide from late May through July. Great Singapore Sale 2012 will be held for 8 weeks from Friday, 25 May 2012 to Sunday, 22 July 2012. The Great Singapore Sale 2012 has been measure to coincide with the peak travel seasons to enable visitors to enjoy the fantastic deals all or so.During the Great Singapore Sale 2012, you can enjoy up to 70% discount for everything on sale, anywhere in Singapore. From posh shopping centres in Marina Bay and Orchard to small stores in the suburbs, you will find fab deals for clothes, gadgets, beauty treatments, spa, attractions, and even food (Great Singapore Sale, 2012) Furthermore, Singapore set large variety shopping malls to meet the different requirement of various collections. The ethnical shopping enclaves in Singapore include Little India and Chinatown two are tourist attractions in their own right, steeped in ethnic colors and flavors. (Singa pore obtain Madness, Yong Shu Hoong)For instance, Chinatown mainly offers authentic Chinese products including tea, herbs, medicines, foodstuffs, silks, cheongsams, handicrafts, household items and antiques. Finally, Singapore duty free shopping prices at all three terminals are competitive with most places in Asia. The slippery greenback means rates are displace constantly. Pick up a 50ml Dior jadore eau de toilette for well-nigh S$96 (US$76), Chanel Alure EDP 50ml at S$112 (US$89). (Singapore Shopping Madness, Yong Shu Hoong) gracious Resource attentionHuman Resources Management PracticeDue to the fickle growth of the Asian economies over the past two decades, considerable circumspection has been focused on the tender resource management (HRM) class diaphragms of Asian businesses. pagan mutation of incline draw in modern business establishments against the backdrop of globalisation has attracted the attention of many researchers and analysts. By the 21st century, Sin gapore has developed into advanced and high-income economies, specializing in areas of competitive advantage. As one of the four little dragons in Asia, Singapore can be an interesting subject to study and it is also important for MNCs to understand Singapores advantages and disadvantages of its human resources management practice. Hollister Co. is an American lifestyle brand by A&F Corporation.The concept was at a lower price point than the parent brand through its SoCal-inspired image and casual wear. Hollister Co. could take some advantages of Singapores human resources management practice to expand its business in Singapore. According to a demographic survey, as of 2011, the population of Singapore is 5.18 million people, of whom 3.25 million (63%) are citizens while the rest (37%) are permanent residents or foreign workers. The government is considering capping these workers, although it is recognized that they are crucial to the countrys economy, as foreign workers make up 80 % of the construction industry and up to 50% in the service industry. (Building and Construction Authority, April 2011) Singapore is a multicultural country with a majority population of Chinese (74 percent), with substantial Malay (13 percent) and Indian minorities (9.2 percent). The country has four official languages consisting of Mandarin, Malay, Tamil and English.English is the main workings language and is the mandatory first language in all schools in Singapore. Most Singapores Chinese derived from southern China, especially in Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan, of which 40 percent is Fujian, the followed is Chaoshan, Cantonese, Hakka, Hainan and Fuzhou. To developing human resource management practice for Hollister Co., we should understand Singapores basic Human Resource Management (HRM). Hollister Co. is categorized as a service business while Singapore is a country which workforces are highly related to services sectors. In addition, considering the device characteristics of Singapores location, demography and other fields, its human resources is consisted of Western and Asian features. We will focus on Singapores HRM style and features of workforces to develop the human resources management practice for Hollister.Human Resources Management Style lead and the Workforce in Singapore is a survey that evaluated by the Singapore Human Resources Institute. Data were obtained from 192 respondents who were engaged in a wide variety of Singaporean industries. A total of 68 per cent of the respondents are HRM practitioners. Many of the respondents are supervisors reporting to senior management such as CEOs and managing directors. (Chart 1) all(prenominal) the data shows that globalization has had its impact on Singapore in a much more pronounced way. Singapore has been reputed for very advanced HRM practices both at the national and the external levels. In addition, Singapore has been especially known for its international HRM practices in a small city invoke . On the other hand, Singapore didnt focus on manufacturing it is a city state with a great focus on financial services and other services instead, such as banking and insurance.Moreover, Singapore has a similar diversity culture of shopping centers manned by bear only culturally various workforce. (Malikanrs, 2010) Singaporean enhances on performance record and job experiences, appropriate genteelness and seniority when considering promoting its employees. Singapore has no set patterns of recruitment for either the inlet level or middle level positions due to affecting by the Western model. However, Hofstede (1984) found that the national culture of Singapore is high in power distance. In high power distance cultures, superiors and subordinates treat each other as unequal. Singapore is also called a nanny state in which people are supposed to do exactly what they are told. The mixed unique feature of national culture therefore makes Singapores HRM practices more complicated.Hir ing and RetentionThe unemployment rate in Singapore was last reported at 2 percent in the second quarter of 2012. Historically, from 1992 until 2012, Singapore Unemployment Rate averaged 2.4 share reaching an all time high of 4.8 Percent in September of 2003 and a record low of 1.3 Percent in September of 1997. The employment rate for older residents made good progress. A record 61.2% of residents aged 55 to 64 were working in 2011, up from 59.0% a year ago. The employment rate for both males (from 75.0% to 76.4%) and females (from 43.4% to 46.3%) in this age sort out rose to new highs in 2011. Singapores workforce is inherently diverse due to their multi-racial community. Employees from different generations, gender, nationalities and cultures often work together in the same governance. It is therefore important for organizations to put in place policies and practices to build an inclusive and harmonious workplace. A diverse workforce that is well-managed can bring about better business performance and higher employee engagement.Training and AdvancementThe improvement in educational profile of older residents was another contributing factor as the better meliorate were more likely to participate in the labor market than those less amend. The educational profile of the labor force continued to improve, as the better educated younger residents enter the labor force and the relatively less educated older cohorts retire progressively. The share of degree holders in the labor force almost doubled from 15% in 1999 to 28% in 2010. Conversely, the lower educated labor force from 36% to 22% over the same period. (Chart 2)CompensationChart 3, 4, and 5 in appendix show the average salary, turnover rate rate, and worked hours of Singaporeans. The average salary for Singaporean to work 46.3 hours per week is virtually Singapore $ 4,000(about $ 3,000). The average over-time work hour is 3.7 hours a week. (Employment Situation in Fourth Quarter 2010, 2011)Ideal Huma n Resource ManagementFirst of all, we would like to gibber about language science. As mentioned above, English is the official language in Singapore. In addition, Singaporeans have high level of education and language skills in average. Therefore, the company can hire local employee without worry about language barrier. Furthermore, well analyze workforce. Due to the mixed unique feature of national culture, Singapores workforce is inherently diverse. Employees from different generations, gender, nationalities and cultures often work together in the same organization. On the one hand, it is easy to train and educate new employees to understand Hollisters organisational cultures and requirements. On the other hand, Hollister Co. also has to understand the mixed unique feature of national culture. With the aging of population, Singapore government also encourage foreigner to go there and look for a job. In the meanwhile, Singapore advocates foreign enterprise producing products whi ch is suitable for the elderly.This is another opportunity for Hollister Co. to expand their business in Singapore. Finally, well talk about hiring, training, retention, promotion and salary. The unemployment rate in Singapore is very low, the educational background of workforce is becoming higher and higher, the low labor turnover and high level of wage show the Singaporeans are likely skill oriented workforces. The average monthly wage in Singapore is around 4,000 Singapore dollars which equals $3,000. It is a little bit lower than the average income that American household makes. (How much does the average American make breaking down the us household income numbers, 2011) Because Hollister Co. does not have to pay so much money for workforce training, we suggest Hollister Co. offer a somewhat high wage than the current clothing stores in Singapore and use motivator to motivate employees. policy-making and Legal EnvironmentLegal EnvironmentThe Re worldly concern of Singapore has a legal system largely based on the British Westminster model, where the power to govern and administer the country is divided amongst the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. Ranked by the World Banks report, Doing duty 2007 How to Reform as the most accommodating country to do business in the world, Singapore is a strategic and reliable base for foreign investors to invest in the emerging Asian markets. (Overview of the Legal Environment of Singapore, RSM Chio Lim) Singapore is well known as the Switzerland of Asia. With a population of approximately 5 million people, Singapore has an astounding 90% literacy rate, and over 85% of inhabitants have a secondary or higher education. The country has almost zip fastener crime, zero corruption and no drug problem. (Singapore internalization Advantages) (International rankings of Singapore, Wikipedia)Political purlieuPro-business milieuOne of characteristics in Singapore is its pro-business environment. It means that Singapo re has an environment that is favorable for foreign investments and can attract many foreign entrepreneurs. Furthermore, it is easy for investors to set up businesses and make higher profits. Compared to other countries, investors only have to take 1-2 days and they can incorporate a company in Singapore. Because of pro-business environment, Singapore has become one of favorite countries for investment (Singapore Incorporation Advantages, 2012). pecuniary assistanceIn order to help start-up companies to gain funding, the Singapore government agencies set up several financial assistance schemes to let start-ups gain access to funding to turn their business ideas into reality. Moreover, Singapore government sets up many private sectors to help investors improve efficiency strengthen capabilities of their company (Singapore Incorporation Advantages, 2012).Great tax systemFor a starting business, taxes cost is always a top priority. One of features in Singapore is its low effective pers onal and corporate tax rates. For the personal income tax, Singapore government is based on personal income to design a tier system that starts from 3.5% to 20%. For corporate tax, Singapore private limited companies for profits up to SGD 300,000 is below 9% and capped at 18% for profits above SGD 300,000.(Singapore Incorporation Advantages) After 2010, corporate income tax rate will reduction from 18% to 17% in Singapore. Furthermore, there is no capital gain tax. It represents that Singapore government uses a single -tier tax policy. This policy is that when the income has been taxed at the corporate level, companies can give shareholders dividends for tax free (Singapore Incorporation Advantages).Political systemsSingapore government has an open attitude and its vision is broad to the whole world. Its political system is using a rational, pro-business way to enact laws, patch up priorities and sets regulations. For example, there is almost no restriction on foreign investment i ncluding manufacturing and service activities. Any business is supported by political base and given maximum encouragement from the government. This support is an important way to let businesses grow and prosper (Singapore Incorporation Advantages). In addition, the immigration policy is open and flexible in Singapore. It assists the relocation of foreign investors to set up businesses here. If a business entrepreneur needs to run his business or and hire foreign professionals, the government can make appropriate Singapore work visa provisions to meet his needs and wants (Singapore Incorporation Advantages).Free trade agreementsFree Trade Agreements is a significant system in Singapore. It means that most products can be imported without barrier. Businesses can enjoy many benefits including tariff concessions, preferential access to certain sectors, faster entry into markets and able Property protection. Moreover, Free Trade Agreement is a way to get in touch Singapore to their t rading partners such as United States, Europe, China, Hong Kong and, Japan (Singapore Incorporation Advantages, 2012).(Singapore Incorporation Advantages, 2012)High Quality of LifeOne of reasons why many investors set up their business and relocate to Singapore is the calibre of life. Singapore is in a convenient location and provides a great public and private transportation, a safe and clean environment to live. It also offers an keen support system for businesses. Singapore is suitable for work and living.(Singapore Incorporation Advantages, 2012)Economic and pecuniary EnvironmentIn fact, the economic situation in Singapore is very strong and stable, because the attitude of government is open-minded and this country is anti-corrupt. The economic growth is also steady. Singapore is one of countries in the world that has the largest per capital unprocessed municipal harvest-tide (GDP). The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced by a country in a period of time and measures national income and output for a countrys economy. According to the World Bank, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Singapore was worth 239.70 billion US dollars in 2011. The GDP value of Singapore is roughly equivalent to 0.39 percent of the world economy. Historically, from 1960 until 2011, Singapore GDP averaged 51.8 billion USD reaching an all time high of 239.7 billion USD in December of 2011 and a record low of 0.7 billion USD in December of 1960 (Trading Economics, 2012).(Trading Economics, 2012)The annual growth rate in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the increase in value of the goods and services produced by an economy over the period of a year. It considers a full year of economic activity and avoids the need to make any type of seasonal adjustment. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Singapore expanded 2.00 percent in the second quarter of 2012 over the same quarter of the previous year. From 2007 unti l 2012, Singapore GDP annual growth rate averaged 5.1 percent reaching an incomparable high of 19.8 percent in June of 2010 (Trading Economics, 2012).(Trading Economics, 2012)Singapore exchange rate is present from $1.30 to $1.50 for the last 10 years. It is kind of stable. Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) manages the exchange rate of the Singapore dollar. Investors can transfer cash in and out of Singapore freely in any currency. Furthermore, Singapore government bond has very good rating. Standard & Poors (S&P) in August 2011 gave it AAA and Moodys gave it Aaa in 2008. According to China Post, Singapore banking system is rank top four in the world. When other country have problem with financial crisis, most of Singapore banks were rated B by Moody. We have to realize more about Singapores banking system for doing business.Banking SystemCash and CheckIn Singapore, for foreigners or tourists, it is very convenient to bring their own currency and exchange from market to airpo rt. Foreign currency banknotes and travelers checks can also be changed easily at most banks. In addition, ATM link to global banking networks can be found over. Foreigners or tourists can pay for most things by using a credit card in Singapore. (Singapore Banking System, 2012) Singapore banks issue checks that can be processed electronically. Writing check can only use fateful and blue inks. If a person only wants to deposit and does not hard currency the check, he has to draw two parallel diagonal lines in the upper berth left corner. If he crosses out or bearer, to the right of the payee line the check can only be deposited into the account of the named payee. When a person deposits check, he has to write his name, account number and telephone number on the back of the check. (Singapore Banking System, 2012)ATM-Automated Teller MachineATM machines for local banks are everywhere in the Singapore. In fact, all of the Singapore local banks and some of the international banks su ch as Citibank, HSBC and Standard Chartered have issued ATM cards. It considers that foreigners and investors have to withdraw money immediately in a place. However, there are not many branches and ATMs in the international banks. Here is a terminal point and daily withdraw amount from ATM cannot exceed SGD$3,000. (Singapore Banking System, 2012)Cash break awayBecause using check will take time to clear the bank, companies have to take that into consideration for their cash flow. There is a well-established banking system with three major local banks that offer a full service of consumer banking in Singapore. It includes ATMs, telephone banking and internet banking. In addition, besides local banks, some international banks in Singapore are doing the same business. Recently, those international banks have been allowed to set up branches and 15 ATMs. (Singapore Banking System, 2012) news report StandardsSingapore accounting standards are followed the International account Standards and International Financial Reporting Standards (Ifederal official) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Financial Reporting Standards (FRS) is accounting standards in Singapore. All companies with financial period starting on or after January 1, 2003 have to honour with Financial Reporting Standards (FRS) (Introduction to Accounting Standards in Singapore, 2012). One of the main principals of Singapore accounting standards is accrual-based accounting. It is the same as United Stated General Accepted Accounting Principle (GAPP). Under accrual basis, the revenue and expenses are recognized and enter in the period when they occur but not receive or pay cash.They are recorded in the accounting records and reported in the financial statements in a period of time. The function of preparing financial statements on the accrual basis is to inform users not only of past minutes including the payment and receipt of cash, but also of duties to pay cash and funds that hav e received in the future (Introduction to Accounting Standards in Singapore, 2012). Actually, there are contains about 39 different standards with each standard named as FRS X in Singapores accounting system. For example, FRS 1 represents Financial Statement, FRS 2 represents inventories and FRS 18 means revenues. In addition, each standard involves a specific topic like presentation of financial statements, recognition of revenue, accounting for inventories, and so on. (Introduction to Accounting Standards in Singapore, 2012)Cultural of SingaporeIn Hofstedes theory, there are quintuplet places of culture, which are power distance, individualism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long orientation. The five ratios are used to make a distinction mingled with country and country. The participation of Singapore is basically consisting of Chinese people. Around 77% of Singaporeans are Chinese. Therefore, the culture of Chinese does influence Singapore a lots. For e xample, the Buddhist-Shinto societies have an additional dimension which is long-term orientation (Geert Hofstede, 2011). Singapore Five balances Culture Asian Countries Dimension Culture http//www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_singapore.shtml (Geert Hofsted Cultural Dimensions-Singapore, 2011)Power distanceWith Chinese population, Singaporeans are touch by Confucian thinking and values, so they adhere to a stratified consanguinity in their society. They believe that their society is composed of people who are in different standing and unequal race. The differences in standing are the signal for people to evaluate each other. The lower standing people should heed what a superior says. In addition, junior and less experienced people are expected to keep their opinions in their hearts. This kind of high power distance has been characterized in Asian society for at least two thousand years (Geert Hofstede, 2011).IndividualismIn an individualistic society, we can find the relationshi p of people is loose. The United States is the most individualistic society, but Singapore is ranked 53th out of 66 countries (ClearlyCulture, 2009). In Singapore or other Asian societies, children are raised to stay with the family. Children are educated to be a part of the group and stay in the group when they are infants. Children are taught to be dependent on the group, to make decisions which benefit the group, to support the group, and to maintain the honor of the group. The group can be family, school, or company. All of the decisions which are made by the elders for the children are common. After the Singaporean children become adults, they are not expected to cut off the causation relationship (Geert Hofstede, 2011).MasculinityA high score on this dimension means competition can drive this society to success. Traditional Chinese culture is a typical masculinity. Singapore has almost 77 percent of populations are Chinese. Children are always taught to compete with other peo ple in the school. Singapore is in the almost middle of the scale but a little on the feminine side. That means that there are still some softer aspects of culture like leveling with others and sympathy for loser in Singapore (Geert Hofstede, 2011).Uncertainty avoidanceComparing with other countries in the world, Singapore is a country with low degree of uncertainty avoidance. Singaporean comply with their rules because their high PDI. That is why Singapore is a Fine country (Geert Hofstede, 2011). Because Singaporeans are indirect and implicit in their communications, they will not publicly use the word no likewise, their yes does not usually mean assent (Kwintessential, 2011). hostile other Asian cultures, the western cultures also affect Singapores culture. Therefore, the degree of facing uncertainty avoidance is lower than other Asian countries.Long-term orientationThe short-term orientation is related to virtue and the long-term orientation is related to virtue. Singapores cu ltural qualities show the sedulousness and sustained efforts support the long term investments. People believe that the truth depends a lot on situation and time in a society with a long-term orientation (Geert Hofstede, 2011). Doing business in Singapore, the relationship with other people is very important especially you must admire the elders. Also, you must be more patient because the organization will show their purpose which is for long-term profit, not short-term gains (Kwintessential, 2011).Organizational StructureAn organisational structure is setting the company into different levels, including person and work, so each person needs to perform and accomplish the company goals (Chapman, 2008). There are two types of organizational structures which are flat organization and hierarchal organization. A flat organization is an organization which is few or no levels betwixt managers and employees. The advantage of a flat organization is top management inter-group communicati on directly with the staff level employees. Middle managements are eliminated, so it can also reduce the organizations budget cost. In this structure, the communication between managers and employees would be improved and the organization is fast to respond to consumers and market conditions.The disadvantage of a flat organization is difficult to maintain when the organization grows bigger. A class-conscious organization is the layout of a pyramid. Every employee obeys someone else in this organization. The advantage of a hierarchical organization is the management can gibe closely. Also, the role and responsibility of each employee are distinguished clearly. The disadvantage of this organization is the decisions will be difficult to make because the organization is consisted of a multilayer management. It be a lot to maintain a multilayer management and the communication would be slow from the bottom to the top (Colette).Hollister Co. is a subsidiary company of Abercrombie & Fit ch, so the management chart of the Hollister is the same with Abercrombie & Fitch. The following table is Hollisters organizational structure. In this table, we can consider Hollister is a hierarchical organization. An Executive VP or senior VP head all major business processes of the company. The CEO at the top, EVP/SVP on the second, EVP/SVP on the third and SVP on the fourth level are four basic layers at senior management.This hierarchical structure makes Hollisters management make decisions quickly and let employees in each group understand their roles and responsibility clearly. On the other hand, there are still some disadvantages, which are high costs and many layers of communications, in this structure. For example, the SVP of add on chain needs to go through two management layers in order to reach the CEO of Hollister. The hierarchical structure delays the communications between management and employees. A hierarchical structure costs a lot to maintain for Hollister. Henc e, in a recession, Hollister puissantness restructure to reduce costs and improve communication.Source http//www.cogmap.com/chart/abercrombie-fitch-co (2010)Hollister still can use its hierarchical structure into its international markets such as Singapore. Singapore is an open country and there is no limitation in Singapore, so Hollister can use any types of organizational structure they want. If Hollister use the hierarchical structure successfully in its home country and in other international markets, Hollister should use the same structure when they expand to Singapore. Singapore is also a hierarchical structure country because its high power distance.Hollisters International refinement StrategiesAfter review Hollister Co. and Singapore cultures and structures, we put forward three strategies which Hollister can use to expand its business to Singapore by exporting, licensing or wholly owned affiliates. Exporting is the first way the company can expand into a new market. By e xporting, Hollister does not need to invest in Singapore and can test Singapores market. The disadvantages of exporting are Hollister has to suffer tariff and non-tariff barriers, high transportation costs and depend on foreign importers for product distribution. The second strategy is Hollister can give a license of its design to a Singapore Apparel Company. This way Hollister can earn profit without investing and suffering tariff and non-tariff barriers. The disadvantage of licensing its design, Hollister might be subjected to the local apparel company becomes its competitor.Hollister also cannot control the quality of products which the licensee produces, so Hollisters brand or reputation is on risk. The third strategy is that Hollister can expand to Singapores market by itself. Hollister can choose a place where there will be a lot of people, including domestic residents and tourists, to visit such as CentrePoint, the most popular mall in Singapore. The advantages of expanding i tself are that Hollister can have complete control and receive all of the profits. The disadvantages of expanding itself are the high costs and the greater loss if it fails.RecommendationAfter review three strategies, we recommend Hollister to expand itself in Singapore. Hollister has enough capital to invest into Singapore because it has a powerful backing, Abercrombie and Fitch. This way Hollister can keep their quality of products and have complete control. Hollister can test the market and the market condition by opening the first in Singapore. In order to be success, the most important things are that Hollister needs to learn Singapores culture and establish the relationship with the consumers and suppliers. Hollister can adapt to the Singapores culture and consumer taste by reviewing a quarter of sales. After its sales grow stably, Hollister should continue to open more stores in Singapore.

Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Do violent video games cause bad behavior? Essay

Does playing bowelless moving-picture show games pose a terror to the gentleman child mind? Who can for wee the little pr motionical(prenominal) plumber, Super Mario, who squashed Goombas (mushroom shape deviants) and the Koopa Troopas (turtles with running shoes), hurled over Bullet Bills (missile- worry creatures), avoided and or some periods burned the Piranha Plants (who hid in plumbing tubes) with finicky fire b wholly powers (that were acquired from a special plant that he consumed), this act of courage and valor was shown through various stages of the game, all in align to save the lovely Princess Peach (ruler of the Mushroom Kingdom) from the ferocious, fire breathing, evil commander of the Koopa Troopas Bowser. Super Mario Bros was angiotensin-converting enzyme of the games that revolutionized the gaming industry, back in the early 80s. The game was sort of a comedic genre it to a fault had action, adventure and a story line behind it, which is what kept the playe r(s) entertained. Video games such as Super Mario Bros, a game that started it all, set the bar high for all future television system games. The games of today are very graphical, intense, exhilarating, and violent, but also at often times they can seem very realistic. nigh of these games tend to allow the player to pretend or portray the showcase of character they would like such as sober or bad, human or monster, etc. For example games such as Grand larceny Auto is a game in which the player(s) can go around kill new(prenominal) characters, steal things, do drugs, pick up prostitutes by the streets and engage in certain activities.Although these contemporary games mangleer a sense impression of excitement and also a sense of adrenaline, the disparity between where television system games started out offering and what is picked up today is startling. In a valet that is so dependent and reliable on technology, society often tends to get too involved and addicted, that th ey cannot deter fantasy and real life. Craig Anderson Professor of Iowa province University and motive of Violent Video Games and Other Media Violence argues that young children and teenagers should be deterred from violent characterisation games, as they pose a great threat to their psychological state of mind. On the other hand, Henry Jenkins, an MIT Professor and author of humans Bytes Eight Myths around Video Games Debunk states that violentvideo games are not to blame, for the behavior of children. In Reality Bytes Eight Myths about Video Games Debunk by Henry Jenkins, Henry argues that violence in general within our callowness group, is at its all time low, meaning it has decreased over the years tremendously According to national crime statistics, the rate of juvenile violent crime in the fall in States is at a 30 year low.Researchers find that people suffice time for violent crimes typically consume less media before committing their crimes than the mean(a) person in the general population (445). While on the other hand, Andersons look for use ups that, Early aggression researchers were interested in discovering how youth learn to be aggressive. Once they discovered observational learning takes move not only when youth see how people be remove in the real world but also when they see characters in films and on television. (445). What Anderson claims here is that childrens behavior development is affected by numerous concomitantors such as what they observe other people doing, the environment they tolerate in and the media content they are exposed to on a day-by-day basis. Both writers make excellent claims and show great incarnate of their texts. In actuality, Craig Anderson has had some hands on experience in some of the research done to determine what effects violent video games have on a person, boosting his credibility to the subject.Jenkins goes on to argue, no research has found that video games are a primary factor or that viol ent video game play could turn an otherwise normal person into a killer. (449-450). Jenkins debunks the idea that violent video games have an effect on a stable persons mental health. However, Anderson suggests, In any subject of science, some studies go away produce effects that differ from what most studies of that causa find. If this werent confessedly, then one would need to perform only one study on a particular issue and we would have the true answer. Unfortunately, science is not that simple. In this didactics, Anderson explains that although some research studies have treat the effect of violent video games on an listening, it is difficult to determine on the nose what the outcome of violent video games may be. Jenkins makes a comment where represent allows Kids to express their feelings and impulses (452). He believes that kids play these types of video games to express their feelings and blow off some steam. Exposing children and adolescents (or youth) to violent visual media increase the likelihood that they will engage in physical aggression againstanother person (445). present Anderson is saying that violent video games have an effect on the audience behavior and would more likely engage in a violent manner towards another person. Once again both writers have good values in their arguments. While they are both providing good support from actual research that was conducted, for the purpose of seeing how children react to such materials, Jenkins statement quickly dismisses any effect of violent videogames to children. On the other hand, Andersons claim is that there is a negative effect with the exposure of such content, which is proved through various studies. In conclusion Craig Anderson and Henry Jenkins both have great arguments when it comes to whether or not violent video games may or may not cause children to act aggressive to another person. However, the fact of the matter is that all children are different from one another and the refore, you cannot reason and generalize based on a study that is being conducted on all children the same exact way and therefore the question of Does playing violent videogames pose a threat to the human mind? motionless remains.Work CitedAnderson, Craig. Violent Video Games and Other Media Violence. Writing Arguments A hot air with Readings, ninth Edition. By John D. Rampage, John C. Bean, and June Johnson. New York Pearson Longman, 2012. 445-48. Print Jenkins, Henry. Reality Bytes Eight Myths about Video Games Debunked. Writing Arguments A Rhetoric with Readings, Ninth Edition. By John D. Rampage, John C. Bean, and June Johnson. New York Pearson Longman, 2012. 449-52. Print

ACT Writing Prompt Essay

When you were in shoal concord you ever came prat from vacation and forgot what you have learned? Most kids when they come back from spend quantify vacation they forgot to the highest degree of the material they had just learned. Or during inform students complain I motivation more epoch off. No one gets excited some nurture but if kids were used to getting no pass error indeed they wouldnt have the acquire to want more sentence off. The traditional three-summer vacation should non be maintained because over summer students swallow up what they learned, the holiday breaks will be longer, and the students will be up to(p) to learn more.See more The Issues Concerning Identity Theft EssayThe three-month summer vacation should not be maintained. Other opponents may argue that students need the summer break to get away from all of the stress of tutor and that students need more breaks. However, if the three-month vacation was not maintained there would be less stressful situations because there would be more time to do work. Also students would get longer holiday breaks and more half days. Doesnt it make more sense to have multiple vacation time then one chunk of it? The three-month summer vacation clearly should not be maintained.For instance, during summer vacation students are not thinking close direct, the students are thinking about having fun. For example when the students come back to school they do not remember most of the material they have learned. on that point are many kids out there that hate coming back to school, so they never want to learn or they do not care. But for every new school year in the jump few weeks teachers have to review what material was previously taught so the students closely remember. That is a waste of time. If there was no summer vacation then the first two or three weeks wouldnt be atrophied on review.In addition, with no three- month vacation the students would be open to soak in a lot more knowledge a nd really remember it for college. The students would be able to be better prompt for the feature, since they would be taught with multiple vacation time. For example in college students need to be prepared because college students do not get as such(prenominal) vacation time as high school students do. Also if the students in high school pay attention then college will be easier for them to understand because the professors do not help as much as public school teachers do. In the future the students will not get as much vacation time in their work career.When students come back from summer vacation the kids do not remember what they have learned. That is why school should be year round with no three-month summer vacation because the students forget the material, the holiday breaks would be longer, and the students would be able to learn more. There would be no more complaining about breaks and no more planning every day.

Monday, February 25, 2019

Infant Observation Essay

For my assignment, I observed at the daycargon curriculum housed inside my church called Gateway To Learning (2930 Rayford Rd., Spring, TX 77386), a Christian child care provider for ages 6-weeks to fourth grade ( by and by school). on that point are currently 185 children enrolled in the GTL program, including after-schoolers. GTL employs approximately 50 sight, not including substitute t all(prenominal)ers. The teacherstudent ratios are as follows ages 6 weeks to 12 months 41, 12 to 18 months 51, 18 to 24 months 91, 2 year olds 111, 3 year olds 151, and four year olds 181. All of the teachers moldiness be CPR certified, First Aid certified, and trained in SIDS, move nipper syndrome, infant brain development, and child abuse. I was placed in the infant style with babies 6-weeks to one year. The room was set up comfortably. There were eight cribs and/or pack-and- cheers aligned around the walls of the room with allowed for easy political campaign of teachers and crawler s. In the center of the room was a bright, primary color plat mat that the little ones loved rolling around on.There were as well bouncers and pinafore play toys for the kids to hop inside and arrive at fun with. In one corner of the room was the changing table, kitchenette for warming milk and conflate mar cereal, and refrigerator for storage. There was ample storage space in the kitchenette and the entrances were blocked with childproof gates. Each child has a cubby to put their table napkin bags in as well as extra toys, blankets, etc. I return that the room was just the right size for the amount of children in the class, and I think that it was set up in a easy way so getting around was simple. The infant room was on a chronicle, but the babies are tiny and all on their aver schedules at home, so it was difficult for the teachers to get all of the children doing the alike social occasion at the same clipping. For instance, when it was time for lunch, some babies ha d just fallen sound asleep(predicate).The schedule was fairly straightforward arrive, breakfast, nap, play, lesson, lunch, nap, play, leave. But like I mentioned, some babies were doing their protest thing, napping when they could have been playing or playing when they were supposed to be eating. Upon enquire the teachers about the schedule, they all agreed that if ein truthone is ingenious, then the schedule comes second. I think I would agree with their opinions. Although the infant room wasnt strict on scheduling, all of the babies were happy during my observation. None of the children in the infant room were talk of the town much.There was only one muck up (11 months) that could make actual words. He could say Mama and Dada. Pretty basic. The other babies were verbal, definitely able to let you know if they were hungry, wet or tired, just not producing identifiable words. At one point during my time, one baby was in a jumper talking with other baby across the room. They w ere chatting back and forth and express mirth with each other. I wish I could have understood what they were saying, because it was so cute. My favorite age in the infant room were 6-9 months because they were so bright-eyed and speedy for anything. All of the teachers spoke with cheerful voices and kept their tones light. When they would talk directly to a baby, they wouldnt use baby-talk and instead focused on using the same words over and over again to teach the baby to reckon select words or phrases. For example, when one baby was hungry and started crying, the teacher that fed him kept saying, Lets get your milk.I asked if the babies tended to echo the short words or phrases and she responded that half of the time there was success. When it came to nappying, the changing table was sanitized after each diaper change and refreshing wax paper is laid on the cushion before the next baby is changed. Employees must wear gloves when changing diapers and stifle their hands afte r finishing. Every few hours, the toys in the infant room are sanitized. The narration mat is sanitized three times a day, once in the morning, once at lunch, and once in the afternoon. To pr level(p)t bad wellness/hygiene, employees are required to wash their hands before handling ain baby items such as food, clothes, pacifiers, etc. If one child has a runny nose and the teacher uses a tissue, she will then have to wash her hands even though her skin never affected the babys runny nose. The teachers in the infant room were invariably washing their hands, just to be safe.When the babies were ready to be fed, the teacher would wash her hands, warm the milk/mix the baby cereal, and either sit in a rocking chair or place the baby in a freshly sanitized high chair to feed them. After the baby was finished, the teacher would wash out the bottles/bowls and sanitize the high chair. and so she would wash her hands again. Each baby was on their own nourishment schedule, so running water was a noise I comprehend constantly throughout the day. When the babies were ready to go to bed, they were placed in a crib designated for them. Each baby was given a blanket provided by the parents during nap time and a pacifier if provided by the parent as well. Some babies slept in 20 minute intervals while others slept for an hour depending on their age. Like I mentioned, it is hard to get all of the babies to sleep at the same time, but I was surprised that the ones who would fall asleep stayed asleep while their classmates fussed when hungry or wet. There were a variety of toys for the babies to play with. From dogs that sang songs to maracas for them to shake, each baby had plenty of options.The favorite toys in the room were the ones where the baby could lay down while playing with them, so mobiles and jumpers were the nearly popular. There were also electric swings to lay the babies in if they werent happy sleeping in their cribs as well as pack-and-plays. When it came t o communication mingled with teachers and parents, there were quite a few ways of transferring information. Each baby had a clipboard with their name on it with papers that were sent home with the parents at the end of each day. The slips had time slots when diapers were changed, bottles were drunk, and naps were taken. I liked how easy it was to take aim the information and still keep the parents happy. Notes were often sent in diaper bags for specific inquiries like Can you please send an extra onesie tomorrow? and of the sort. Overall I think the communication process is very organise and is easy for everyone. My overall opinion of GTL is very high.I had a bully time observing and learning about how my church provides care for kids that dresst always come on Sundays. The atmosphere of GTL was very validatory and everyone seemed genuinely happy to be working there. All of the teachers were friendly with the kids, even when they had to punish them or take something away, and did everything with a kind heart. The room was very clean and the babies were all happy (most of the time). I liked how each baby had their own crib and cubby, and how everyone was so personable. There were a lot of people stopping by the door just to say hi to another teacher, and I liked knowing that all of the employees seemed to get along with each other without too many issues. The director was pleasant and inviting, as well as knowledgeable when it came to procedures, trainings, and employing new team members. I really enjoyed my time at GTL and will definitely go back when I affect to gather more information for my Pre-School observation.