Effects Of Downsizing Of The Army Downsizing Essay

Effects of Downsizing The impact of the Army downsizing is nothing new. This rapid demobilization of forces has transpired after every major conflict. The most recent downsizing effort was from the Persian Gulf. The Army was an incredibly powerful force around 730,000 in 1990 and rapidly downsized to 508,000 in 1995. Once again, the Army is repeating itself, projecting to shrink the active force from 566,000 during the height in 2011 to a speculated 420,000 reaching this in the fiscal year 2017 (Trice, 2015). A disturbing fact is that the unemployment rate for veterans outpaces that of the rest of the country at 6.8% rate verses that of the non-veterans of 5.7% (Watson, 2014). The strain of a growing unemployment rate among veterans rapidly increases in small towns throughout the United States especially those where units are deactivating. Economic Effects As the downsizing and restructure of the Army continues, cities all over the country also feel the sting of Soldiers leaving the service. Two cities outside of Fort Benning, Phenix City and Columbus Georgia, have reported they will miss an estimated $229 million dollars in sales due to the elimination of the 3rd Brigade Combat Team (Adams, 2015). Other concerning factors are the civilian employees that currently work on Fort Benning. They may also be out of work due to the restructure. This ripple effect will continue throughout other privately owned businesses. For instance, the apartments Soldiers currentlyShow MoreRelatedThe Military Of American Army Downsizing1445 Words   |  6 Pagesevolving military environment, needs the US Army redouble its efforts to reduce the uncertainty associated with the downsizing. There are some predominant principles that can guide the Army’s efforts in minimizing the impact of uncertainty during the force reduction. Even with major political and legislative challenges, keeping balance among the different proportions of readiness is a goal of US defense policy. During the budgetary preparation, downsizing of the armed forces often becomes one ofRead MoreMilitary Downsizing Consequences After Major Conflicts1087 Words   |  5 PagesMilitary Downsizing Consequences After major conflicts, the government downsizes its military numbers significantly, losing the best-qualified leaders to lead the future’s military. This drastic method of downsizing the military after major conflicts harms our troops and could harm the future of our great nation. If the nation really needs to downsize its military, then it should be done in a very careful manner and to pay extra attention to not losing the best qualified leaders it currently hasRead More Effects of Downsizing Essay2449 Words   |  10 PagesEffects of Downsizing Downsizing has been known by several different names, in the late 1970s and the early 1980s it was called reduction-in-force, as of late it has been called restructuring government, privatization, contracting out and last but not least downsizing. In the public sector it is called privatization. In business it is called downsizing. Otherwise its known as contracting out. Code words change but the intent is the same. (DIAF 99) Public governments seem to think thatRead MoreNational Security Requirements Exercised The Most Significant Influence On The United States Before The Second World War1302 Words   |  6 Pagestype of warfare, the air power theorists of the 1920s were able to predict a rapid development in aerial technology and made claims for their future utilization in air warfare. After WWI, a dramatic downsizing of the British and American armies took place and the two nations deemed a large standing army as unnecessary. As Biddle argues, â€Å"They came to see bomber airc raft as means of fighting wars at relatively low cost to themselves, avoiding a repetition of the harrowing experience of the 1914-18Read MoreRecruitment And Retention Battalion For The State Of Georgia971 Words   |  4 Pagesimprove that organization. The organization I will highlight is the Recruiting and Retention Battalion for the Army National Guard for the state of Georgia. Section 2: Content. My paper will cover the need for change within the Recruiting and Retention Battalion for the state of Georgia. The organization is charged with the job of finding eligible and qualified individuals to join the Army National Guard for the state of Georgia. They are getting ready to go through some major organizational changesRead MoreRecruitment And Retention Battalion For The State Of Georgia974 Words   |  4 Pagesimprove that organization. The organization I will highlight is the Recruiting and Retention Battalion for the Army National Guard for the state of Georgia. Section 2: Content. My paper will cover the need for change within the Recruiting and Retention Battalion for the state of Georgia. The organization is charged with the job of finding eligible and qualified individuals to join the Army National Guard for the state of Georgia. They are getting ready to go through some major organizational changesRead MoreShortage Of Nurses And Healthcare Workers1439 Words   |  6 Pages Review of Literature In the 1900’s private and government reimbursement declined causing â€Å"many health care organizations, and hospitals to begin downsizing to achieve cost containment by eliminating registered nursing jobs by replacing RN’s with unlicensed assistive personnel. This downsizing and shortsightedness regarding recruitment and retention contributed to the beginning of an acute shortage of RN’s in the late 1990’s. Unlike other earlier nursing shortages, whichRead MoreLetting Go: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)1017 Words   |  5 Pagesvisible and signs don’t always show right away. Americas Army is downsizing, and returning soldiers are returning home mentally unprepared to face the challenge of being in an environment where they should feel at ease. The crimes soldiers are committing from substance abuse and military misconduct are obvious cries for help, but the Army finds that getting rid of these soldiers proves to be easier. These soldiers w ho are removed from the Army are stripped of all military benefits and are left homeRead MoreThe Versailles Treaty World War I Ended1310 Words   |  6 Pagesensured that national identity and independence was preserved limiting Germany powers. Like with everything in life there were some negative effects of the treaty. The worst â€Å"side effect† was that it lead to World War II giving rise to Hitler’s powers. The Germans were deeply hurt placing â€Å"war guilt† on Germany. Once WWI ended one of the biggest side effects of WWI was the physical destruction, besides millions of people died or got injured, starved or suffered from male nutrition and epidemic diseasesRead MoreManaging Risk With Change : Managing Organizational Change1178 Words   |  5 Pagesdecisions that offer very little information either short term, or long term, judgement comes more into the equation than factual information. In these instances managing risk becomes an ongoing process. When you are unaware of all of the possible effects of decisions you must constantly reevaluate the situation and make needed changes immediately in order to mitigate future risk. As the changes unfold risk can become clearer and more effectively mitigated. Managing Risk with Change

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Slam Poetry Essay - 880 Words

In the early 1980s, Slam Poetry caught flight in small coffee shops in Austin, Texas., New York City, New York., Chicago, Illinois., Seattle, Washington., and San Francisco, California during slots of open mic which invite an artist of any kind: poet, narrators, musicians, and comedians of all types to share their art (Power Poetry). Years later as Slam Poetry got more recognition and spread to more areas around the country. The first Poetry Slam was originated by a man named Marc Kelly Smith. Marc Kelly defines Slam Poetry as a performance incorporated with the poetry, but a less stiff form of poetry. Spoken word poetry which is more commonly known as Slam is a more fluid art than written poetry in the twenty-first century due to the†¦show more content†¦After reading at the Get Me High Lounge for many poetry nights which he hosted, Marc Smith thought of a way to make poetry less dry and boring, a way to spice up the readings and bring entertainment to the words which becam e Slam Poetry (Boudreau). Marc is known for saying that he wanted to give the poetry back to the people, back to the audience instead of it belonging to academics like it had been in the times before. The word Slam was used for this performance poetry because as Marc explained it in an interview with Olivier Vanderra at BlaQ Socrates and Sapient Soul Furman University, In America, Slam means either something very, very good or something very, very bad. And I was uh, I had to come up with a name for the show real[ly] quick I was thinking of Grand Slam/home run and I was also thinking of Slamming the door on somebody so- The name really quite compliments the art because during the performance of Slam you can hear, see, and feel each emotion with the performer. The audience feels the weight of bewilderedness, fright, or anger with the performer or feels each excited, hopeful, or beautiful moment shared through the poem whichever emotion comes, if the performer did well, you should feel like the emotion slammed into you (Vanderra). A rush of feelings that should be the only thing you can focus on because the performance- ifShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Gloria s Speech As A Letter988 Wor ds   |  4 Pagestrue to your culture. She pulls pieces from her own life experiences and works from other looked over women writers of color to make her point and connect to her audience letting them know she is part of their plight to be heard. In my rewrite of the essay â€Å"A Letter in â€Å"tongues†Ã¢â‚¬  I changed the delivery from a letter to a free verse poem condense Anzaldua s message from Writing Women of color to just discriminated women writers just in general. They both focused use of pathos and ethos but mine leansRead MoreAdrienne Rich : A Literary Pioneer For American Women During The Contemporary Era1492 Words   |  6 PagesAdrienne Rich was a literary pioneer for American women during the contemporary era. Rich’s career spanned 60 years and she is most famous for her inspirational poetry that advocated for women. As an author, wife, mother, and Jew, Rich’s work encompassed the many prejudices that women face. Wendy Martin wrote,  "Her work explores the experience of women who reject patriarchal definitions of femininity† (Martin 550). Adrienne Rich’s feminist upbringing inspired her poem â€Å"Snapshots of a Daughter-In-LawRead MoreCardboard Castles Poem Analysis1244 Words   |  5 Pages(Troung 13). Being so young Watsky climbed his way from the bottom, starting out he was never rich and worked hard putting his soul into the music. In Watsky’s song â€Å"Moral of The Story† he creates a song only he can make utilizing elements of rap, slam poetry, and hip hop. The idea behind Watsky’s song is purely motivation, whether that be for the listener or Watsky himself as he works his way from being nothing to the man he is now. Throughout the entire song, you can see Watsky use literary devicesRead MoreSymbolism of a Dolls House2840 Words   |  12 Pagesincompatible parties came at last to be accepted as conceivably justifiable (Meyer   454-455).   Therefore the reader c an see that Ibsen s realism contributed to the demystification of Western civilization. The final scene produced the door slam heard around the world and the play is still the object of debate today.   But Ibsen was not interested in becoming a spokesman for feminism.   He just wanted to create a great play that dealt with the liberation of human beings, and he did.   We areRead More Symbolism in A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Essay example2771 Words   |  12 Pagesincompatible parties came at last to be accepted as conceivably justifiable (Meyer   454-455).   Therefore we can see that Ibsens realism contributed to the demystification of Western civilization.    Indeed, the final scene produced the door slam heard around the world and the play is still the object of debate today.   But Ibsen was not interested in becoming a spokesman for feminism.   He just wanted to create a great play that dealt with the liberation of human beings, and he did.   We areRead MoreBeing Asian American Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pagesnew contraption with shiny new parts and unbroken awning? Ang bagay na ito at ang kabuuan ng lahat, my grandmother said when I asked her about it. It is not as elegant in English as it is in Filipino, the words denied their significance and poetry, but it translates as It is the thing and the whole of the thing. I could not fathom what she meant for a while-how could this bethe umbrella? The fine ivory handle was unmarked and pristine, and the haft could be no more than five years oldRead More`` Lifting As We Climb ``1651 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Until we realize our ideal, we are going to idealize our real† (212 Higginbotham). If Nannie Burroughs said this during a Poetry Slam, a lot of people would have sore fingers. The line is not only a chiasmus, but a call for uplift. The National Training School sought to take the ordinary aspects of life for black women during the turn of the century (1900s), and make them extraordinary. Through respectability politics, black Americans would denounce the negative stereotypes imputed to them, andRead MoreA Personal Revolt Against The Rising Rape Culture Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagesone task at beginning of workshop and one at the end. The first part of the workshop required them to capture one photograph that showed the biggest gender dis parity in their existing surroundings. After the workshop they were required to make photo essay depicting how factors like religion/political or popular media are oppressing one gender against other OR propagating gender injustice. This process-based intervention changed the target audience of the project to be mature professional youth, as psychometricRead MoreAnalysis Of Ken Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest2592 Words   |  11 Pageshere.† (Carey) Dr. Linehan didn’t want anyone else to go through what she went through when her family had her committed. People who speak out about mental illness want to help others who have or are currently suffering from any mental disorder. Slam poetry has raw emotion, it’s real and so many people understand what that person is talking about. Depression can be a monster, a literal soul sucking demon. It can be big or small or somewhere in between, â€Å"Mom, my depression is a shape shifter. One dayRead MoreThe Premature Sexualization of Girls in the Media Essay1895 Words   |  8 Pagesgirls. A report created by the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA), attest that there are many short term and long term physical, emotional and psychological effects of the premature sexualisation of teenagers and young girls. This essay will examine the current legislation and regulations put in place to restrict the sexualisation of children: and how they are not being followed. It will also examine the effects that premature sexualisation have on these children, both short term

The Problem Of Global Networks - 1373 Words

The development of global networks is happening very rapidly. The number of Internet users in the world today is about 300 million people, and their number continues to grow. A new user registers to the Internet every two or three seconds. The number of web pages grows every day, and today there is more than a billion. Internet opens up a great opportunities for the distribution of information. You can find any interesting information online at any time, and then it can be easily copied to your hard drive. To truck the further use the copied material is very difficult. Subsequently, the same material can appear on another site – without specifying a name of an author, it can be in a distorted form, or both. And here arises a lot of†¦show more content†¦Bethany Klein is a Senior Lecturer at University of Leeds, at the Institute of Communications Studies. Also she is an author of As heard on TV: Popular Music in Advertising (Ashgate, 2009) and published different articl es on media, commercialism, popular music culture and social issues in entertainment television. David Lee is also a Lecturer at the University of Leeds, in communications department. He is also an author of publications on creative labour and cultural policy in such journals such as Media, Culture and Society, International Journal of Cultural Policy and Television and New Media. Giles Moss is a Lecturer in Media Policy at the University of Leeds, Communications department. His research mostly focuses on politics and media policy, especially in relation to digital media and the Internet. He has published articled in journals such as Political Studies and The Journal of Information Technology Politics. Fiona Philip is a Postdoctoral Research Assistant at the University of Leeds, for the ESRC-funded project Communicating Copyright: An Exploration of Copyright Discourses in the Digital Age. In this chapter, authors demonstrate a study, with the use of which they seek to gain a better understanding of internet user’s behaviours and attitudes towards piracy and copyrighted material. Authors examined 12 focus groups with 3 to 10 participants in each group. All participants were of different ages and different

Causes Of Income Inequality - 999 Words

Income inequality has affected American citizens ever since the American Dream came to existence. The American Dream is centered around the concept of working hard and earning enough money to support a family, own a home, send children to college, and invest for retirement. Economic gains in income are one of the only possible ways to achieve enough wealth to fulfill the dream. Unfortunately, many people cannot achieve this dream due to low income. Income inequality refers to the uneven distribution of income and wealth between the social classes of American citizens. The United States has often experienced a rise in inequality as the rich become richer and the poor become poorer, increasing the unstable gap between the two classes. UC†¦show more content†¦Many historical theories lay a foundation that helps prove income inequality is necessary. Social Darwinism is a collection of theories that explain why the rich get richer, while the poor become poorer. Social Darwinists generally claim that the strong and successful people should see their wealth and power increase while the weak and unmotivated should see their wealth and power decrease. This is an excellent explanation for the cause of income inequality and why it shouldn’t be stopped. Wealth can sometimes be a direct result of the hard work and dedication of a person that is motivated to become successful in life. While most people may work as hard as they can and only make an average income, there are the few exceptional cases where people can prosper and rise to great economic stability. For all other citizens, the reality is they may be motivated and driven to become successful just like everyone else, but can only manage a low or middle-class job. This reality provides a reason for the inequality in incomes; not every citizen is capable of the same amount of work and therefore they get placed in different jobs with different salaries. Income inequality also exists because people fail to take advantage of equal economic opportunities. President Barack Obama states, â€Å"While we don’t promise equal outcomes, we’ve strived to offer equal opportunity.† If we disregardShow MoreRelatedWhy The Income Inequality Affects The Health Of People Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesIncome inequality also causes obesity however; we mostly blame individuals for being obese. Being obese can have a serious impact on mental and physical health. it is an illness that is associated with stereotypes. The biggest one is â€Å"if poor people become obese they cannot be not poor†. People in this mentality also exclude the structural and social conditions that cause illnesses such as obesity. Social life affects the health of people, especially the socioeconomic level. How much you earn monthlyRead MoreThe Effects of Wealth Inequality in the U.S.1484 Words   |  6 PagesAnthony Giovenco Political Science Inequality Paper 12-18-14 The Effects of Wealth Inequality in the United States Wealth inequality in the United States has grown tremendously since 1970. The United States continuously reveals higher rates of inequality as a result of perpetual support for free market capitalism. The high rates of wealth inequality cause the growing financial crisis to persist, lower socio-economic mobility, increase national poverty, and have adverse effects on health andRead MoreSocial Inequalities Within New Zealand Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will be discussing the social inequalities within New Zealand. These inequalities can include unequal income, education and healthcare. Through extensive research of academic resources, I will be discussing how educational, family, social and political factors contribute to the development of these inequalities. I will also be providing a line graph that shows the unequal income between classes and a second line graph that demonstrates the difference in student success between high decileRead MoreIncome Inequality Of The United States889 Words   |  4 Pagespercent of total income, while the poorest fifth received about 3.2 percent† (McConnell). There are many sources of income inequality that effect poverty in the United States and the role that discrimination plays in reducing and increasing wages for different people and how the people of the United States are affected by it. The average household income in the United States is, in fact, one of the highest in the world. Unfortunately, does not provide information about income inequality. There are twoRead MoreEconomic and Social Costs of Inequality in Australia785 Words   |  4 Pagessocial costs and benefits of inequality in distribution of income in Australia. Income inequality describes the extent to which income is distributed unevenly among residents of an area. High levels of inequality indicate that a small number of people receive most of the total income, and that most people receive only a small share of the total. There are many advantages and disadvantages associated with the inequitable distribution of income. Income inequality can lead to an increase in theRead MoreFactors That Determine The Quality Of Health And Wellbeing Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual factors control the societies health. Income inequality is one of the leading determinant for our health. The effects of income inequality on health maybe understood by examining some social mechanisms, such as public education and healthcare, structural violence, disruption of social cohesion and social capital; and individual risky behaviors. (Kawachi and Kennedy, 1999) My topic is income inequality and health because access to adequate income have a significant effect on people’s healthRead MoreIncome Inequality in the United States Essay788 Words   |  4 Pagesof all income, while the richest earned 88.9% of all wealth. A big gap between the rich and poor is often associated with low social mobility, which contradicts the American ideal of equal opportunity. Levels of income inequality are higher than they have been in almost a century, the top one percent has a share of the national income of over 20 percent (Wilhelm). There are a variety of factors that influence income inequality, a few of which will be discussed in this paper. Rising income inequalityRead MoreWhy Does Income Inequality Exists?1442 Words   |  6 Pages- - - â€Å"WHY DOES INCOME INEQUALITY EXIST?† Submitted to: - Submitted by: - - - - 4. Why does income inequality exist? Income inequality, also known as economic inequality or wealth and income differences typically refers to inequality among individuals and society, but it can also refer to disparity among countries. There are many reasons for this phenomenon to happen within the societies, most of them are often inter-related. However, we could say that the most importantRead MoreThe Inequality Of Income Inequality1229 Words   |  5 PagesIncome Inequality Income inequality has been a major concern around the world, and it mainly links to how economic metrics are distributed among individuals in a country. Economists generally categorise these metrics in wealth, income and consumption. Wilkinson and Picket (2009) showed in their studies that inequality has drawbacks that lead to social problems. This is because income inequality and wealth concentration can hinder or delay long term growth. In 2011, International Monetary Fund economistsRead MoreIncome Inequality in the United States and France648 Words   |  3 PagesIncome Inequality is â€Å"The unequal distribution of household or individual income across the various participants in an economy. Income inequality is often presented as the percentage of income to a percentage of population.† (Investopedia). Some believe income equality is the biggest problem of the 21st century, President Obama believes it to be â€Å"the defining challenge of our time† (white house). Some economist believe that increase inequality has a correlation effect with higher rates of health

What is Academic Honesty free essay sample

Academic honesty is a guarantee of the top-class academic experience and the objective evaluation of the knowledge of the student. Owing to academic honesty the results of the tests and term paper analysis may be considered to be sufficiently accurate to be disputed. Academic honesty is an integral part Of any subsequent professional success, as the future professional learns during schooling years that he is responsible for creation his very own projects and for the appropriation of those belonging to other people.This makes the golden rule of the academic onsets: the way the student performs his academic work reflect the way he will perform his professional duties. This is the primary reason academic honesty code is very important for the student as it teaches to use the information and the ideas of other people as a base for further growth. Violation of the rules of academic honesty results in the next major activities: collusion, plagiarism, dishonest conduct and cheating (Rotten,1 999, p. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Academic Honesty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 75). Nevertheless it is vital to mention the fact that the violation of academic honesty may reflect in many other manifestations. Major types Of academic dichotomously essays According to the Teaching resources guide (1996), the four major types of academic dishonesty in their turn may imply a great amount of different dishonest which may result up to expulsion from the educational establishment (p. 77). Therefore, the Teaching resources guide shows a more detailed overview of each type of academic dishonesty. Being academically honest means never stealing the intellectual property of other people. Or in case of using the product of someones intellectual activity provide it with the responding crediting of the used source (Rotten, 1999, p. 5). The failure to do so results in the plagiarism accusation. Academic honesty in terms of plagiarism encourages students to thinks about their own intellectual ideas rather than to borrow them and to be sure to name the author of the presented ides, rather than to conceal it. Cheating implies many possibilities of demonstrating academic results that are far from the real ones. The range of cheating tricks starts from copying for the papers of other people during a test and ends up with ordering customized papers in order to get higher core in class. In terms Of cheating academic honesty is when a student does not copy from anybody during the examination or test, does not transfer his own examination answers, does not claim the work of other individual as his own intellectual product and does not use unauthorized information for pass the examination (Teaching resources guide, 1 996, p. 78). As for dishonest conduct of the students, according to the notion of academic honesty, it has to deal with stealing or changing of official documents, submitting the same paper several times to different class and other.Academic honesty absolutely excludes the possibility of helping other students during the examination, assisting in the creation of the popularized paper and supporting intentional cheating. When the student fails to do so, he is accused of collusion. Therefore, it is evident that academic honesty of a student has a wide range of rules and laws that are to be followed in order to obtain an objective evaluation and to be conside red an academically honest student. This is vital due to the fact that an academically honest student eventually converts into a professionally honest worker.

Strategic Development Within an Organisation

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Development Within an Organisation. Answer: Introduction In this report discussion related to business strategies and decision making process of business organisation has been undertaken. Woodside Petroleum is the business organisation has been used in this report to implement different aspects. Brief introduction of Woodside Petroleum has been discussed and different business strategies undertaken by Woodside Petroleum have been discussed. Woodside Petroleum also involves in some controversies and among them two has been analysed in this report. Internal and external environmental analysis has been done so that different aspects and factors affecting Woodside Petroleum can be analysed. PEST analysis and SWOT analysis has been used to analyse environment. Organisation culture and leadership style of Woodside Petroleum has been discussed and analysed in this report. Business Strategies and their Aapplication Background of Woodside Petroleum Woodside Petroleum is one of the leading business organisation engaged in the business operations of oil and gas. Oil extraction is one of the core business operation or product portfolios of Woodside Petroleum. Woodside Petroleum is engaged in different business operations like exploring, developing, producing and marketing trading. Mission- Mission of Woodside Petroleum is to maximise value of core assets used in the business operations. Mission is to grow product portfolio that Woodside Petroleum has for their business operations. Last mission is to leverage capabilities as a leading business organisation. Vision- Vision of Woodside Petroleum is to be leader or global leader in terms of upstream oil and gas products and extraction. Competitive advantage- Competitive advantage of Woodside Petroleum is the functional capabilities and use of advance technology operational efficiency. Decision making capabilities in terms of operational and setting priority in developing values is competitive advantage over others. Business strategies Current strategy of Woodside Petroleum is to be positioned them in the section in order to have reliable core asset base, strong relationship with stakeholders and create capabilities or competitive advantage over others. Core business strategy is to conduct value chain analysis in the business operations and manage value chain (Aras and Ebooks Corporation 2012). Business strategy of Woodside Petroleum is to grow and explore more in the exploration business operation. Current strategy of Woodside Petroleum is sustainability business strategy. Under this strategy, pollution prevention, sustainable development and utilisation of resources in most optimised manner is the major outcome (Rogers and Makonnen, 2014). Two Controversies and Outline the Outcomes Controversy 1 Woodside Petroleum has been started a project in liquefied natural gas and which involves investment of $ 45 billion. This investment is made under off shore exploration of oil and gas in Western Australia. After passage of some time, positive headlines related to new project of Woodside Petroleum has created interested in terms of investment in the project. After two years many companies has invested $ 140 billion in new project of Woodside Petroleum. This has increased production of gas and Australia has becoming attractive in terms of exporting gas (Ralph et al., 2014). After some time, investors interest was shifted towards some other projects and they deploy their investments from project initiated by Woodside Petroleum. This causes some loss while operating project and after some time Woodside Petroleum had withdrawal from their project. This is most shocking decision of Woodside Petroleum as this project is started with the intention of developing Australian market and put positive impact on economy. This decision has impacted many business organisations operating their business in Australia and many on shore projects have been hampered. In this whole business decisions many stakeholders associated with the project has faced downtime in terms of stock prices and business operations. Controversy 2 Woodside Petroleum leaves from Mauritania project has also comes under controversy on the basis of ethical decision making by the management of Woodside Petroleum. In this controversy, management of Woodside Petroleum has taken decision of selling assets of oil extraction that project of oil extraction in Mauritania is using. Sale agreement is made between project and Petroliam National Berhad and Woodside Petroleum. Petroliam National Berhad is the government owned business organisation by Malaysian government. Mauritania project has reported highest level of sales revenues (including Woodside Petroleums production, exploration and development). This project is named as Chinguetti project. But soon this project has not lived up to expatiation of Woodside Petroleum standards in terms of oil extraction and production. Production level of Mauritania project has been set to be 75000 barrels per day but they are able to produce 15000 barrels per day. Woodside Petroleum has withdrawn from the project and government of Africa has faced high losses. In this transaction, Woodside Petroleum has taken unethical decision as they are involved with Malaysian government and withdrawn from the African contract, as left open and in loss. Environmental Analysis (External and Internal Analysis) PESTLE Analysis Political environment- Each and every company at the market place get affected by political environment in the way of government policies and rules. In the same way, Australian oil industry involves labours to work, wages top pay and taxation policies to be followed. Political pressure will always impact workplace and work practices of Woodside Petroleum in Australian market place. Government intervention and policies made by government impacts decisions taken by management of market place in Australia. Economic environment- Economic condition of the country or market place will impact business entity sand their decision making process. In case of Woodside Petroleum, their long term decisions will be impact with economic factors or state of economy in Australian market. Economic factor like demand and supply of oil in the country will decide price of products and price of oil will also depends on currency market. Inflation rate and balance of payment in Australia has impacted Woodside Petroleum in its decision making. Social environment- Demographic, income distribution, migration, culture and religion are some aspects that impacts decision making process of Woodside Petroleum. Culture is the most important consideration that business entity has to take care of and in case of Australian oil market; society does not consider oil extraction a negative activity. There are some section of society which consider oil extraction by Woodside Petroleum or by other companies to be source of pollution and impact environment in negative manner. Technological environment- In oil extraction industry, heavy equipments is used in order to undertake business operations. Pipelines, extraction equipments, oil tanks and transportation methods are some areas where Woodside Petroleum has impacted. Another area of technological use by the Woodside Petroleum or in oil extraction industry is in providing safety to workers, enhance efficiency, etc. These areas are to be managed by management of Woodside Petroleum and technology has impact business operations (Sun et al., 2014). SWOT Analysis Strength Main focus of management is on technological development and developing innovation in the business operations. Has highest area of oil extraction in Australia. Woodside Petroleum has competitive advantage in terms of market coverage and leading business organisation. Experienced management, capable managers in the business operations, quality oil extraction assets are some strength of Woodside Petroleum (Alexandru, 2015). Weakness Woodside Petroleum is involved in biggest Australian oil extraction scandal in past years. This scandal is related to jamming price points in terms of oil industry. Woodside Petroleum has been facing many legal issues in their business management. One of the most important legal issues is the litigation of illegal land acquisition (Helms, 2013). Opportunities Management is considering to expand their LNG capabilities in their business operations has the biggest opportunity. Woodside Petroleum has undertaken various projects that will build LNG market for Woodside Petroleum and they can become market leader. There is opportunity for Woodside Petroleum in term of supply of gas i.e. they can supply on shore and off shore (Yuan, 2013). Threats There are various common threats that are involve or attached with oil or nature extraction companies like natural disasters, accidents at large level, etc. Operating risk involve in business operations of oil extraction industry. Oorganizational Culture or Leadership Style within the Organisation Organisational Culture Leadership styles, decisions and management of business operations in terms of influencing employees or team members to accomplish or achieve management objectives. These activities became organisational culture under which employees are directed and controlled (Leadership styles, 2016). Core value of Woodside Petroleum has been towards creating maximum value of assets, maintaining leverage and development of product portfolio. Organisational culture is the process of influencing people of organisation, value and beliefs are shares in this process and behaviour of employees are directed and controlled towards achievement of objectives and goals of Woodside Petroleum. In case of Woodside Petroleum, Peter J Coleman is the chief executive office and managing director. Role of Peter J Coleman is to build strong and positive organisational cultural that influence achievement of organisational objectives. Leadership Style Autocratic- In this leadership style, managers will take decisions alone i.e. without considering view points of subordinates or employees. In this leadership style no authority will be delegated to employees so that they can take decisions by their own (Turner, 2016). In this type of leadership style, leader needs to posses qualities like strong decision maker, emphatic, etc. Once decided by leader or manager then everyone has to follow the decision (Burgess and Vachon, 2016). This type of leadership has been adopted by Woodside Petroleum at their middle level of management. In this case, decisions taken by managers of different departments have to be followed by employees of respective divisions. Democratic- Under this type of leadership style, leaders will take input or suggestions from his / her team members or from employees. In this leadership type, leaders can consider suggestions but at last leaders or managers are required to take decisions for the whole division or team (Saeed et al., 2014). Ultimate responsibility of decision will lie in the hands of leaders only and no other team member can be liable for the same. Democratic leadership is usually find in small organisations were there are small members (Cook and Rouse, 2014). Transactional- In this type of leadership style, managers or leaders of divisions receive some tasks or work from management. Then managers or leaders are required to set predetermined goals or targets in consultation of employees or team members. Directions provided by managers are required to be followed by employees and in doing so performance will be measured for rewards and punishments (OConnell, 2016). There are some bonuses like incentives, bonus pay, etc and punishment likes deduction of salary, increase targets, etc. Woodside Petroleum has been using transactional leadership style in their business operations. Following are Sme Results of Leadership on Strategy and Culture of Woodside Petroleum Motivate employees- Leader or manager has to achieve their organisational objectives and goals and for the same they are required to develop business strategy or plan. In this case Woodside Petroleum has to motivate their employees so that they can be directed and influenced towards achievement of organisational goal. Peter J Coleman has formulated and initiated many reward policies and remuneration policies that motivate managers and employees to perform better (Gillam and Siriwardena, 2013). This has resulted in achievement of organisational goals and objectives in more effective manner. Initiate innovation- It is the responsibility and duty of leader to set agenda or to set objectives of targets. Effective leaders or leadership, influence team members or employees to build positive organisational culture (R?ducan and R?ducan, 2014). In case of Woodside Petroleum, leader or CEO Peter J Coleman has initiated new process of business management. Leaders are required to initiate innovation in the business operations so as to achieve competitive advantage over its competitors. Another important result that Woodside Petroleum has achieved is effective communication process in the business operations (Kim and Thompson, 2012). Conclusion It can be concluded that business strategy is the most important aspect of the business organisation that shall be analysed and implemented. Corporate strategies include different aspects of business organisation. Woodside Petroleum has been involved in many controversies and two of them have been discussed in this report. PEST analysis is the best analysis tool in order to analyse external environment. SWOT analysis has used to analyse internal factors that impacts business operations. 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