Quotes that Will Change the Way You Think Essay Example for Free

Quotes that Will Change the Way You Think EssayIn your quiet moments, what do you think about? How utmost youve come, or how far you live to go? Your strengths, or your weaknesses? The better that might happen, or the worst that might come to be? In your quiet moments, gestate attention to your thoughts. Because maybe, just maybe, the only thing that needs to shift in order for you to experience more than happiness, more love, and more vitality, is your government agency of thinking. Here atomic number 18 60 thought-provoking quotes gathered from our sister site, Everyday Life Lessons, and from our blog archive that will help you adjust your way of thinking.You cannot change what you refuse to confront. sometimes good things fall apart so better things can fall together. get intot think of cost. Think of value. Sometimes you need to distance yourself to actualize things clearly. Too many masses buy things they weart need with money they dont have to impress people the y dont know. Read Rich Dad, Poor Dad. No matter how many mistakes you make or how slow you progress, you atomic number 18 still way ahead of constantlyyone who isnt trying. If a person wants to be a part of your life, they will make an obvious effort to do so. Think twice before reserving a space in your heart for people who do not make an effort to stay. Making one person smile can change the world maybe not the whole world, provided their world. Saying somebody is ugly doesnt make you any prettier.The only normal people you know are the ones you dont know very well. Life is 10% of what happens to you and 90% of how you react to it. The most painful thing is losing yourself in the process of loving someone too very much, and forgetting that you are special too. Its better to be alone than to be in bad company.As we grow up, we realize it becomes less important to have more friends and more important to have real ones. Making a hundred friends is not a miracle. The miracle is to make a single friend who will jump out by your side even when hundreds are against you. Giving up doesnt always mean youre weak, sometimes it means you are strong tolerable and smart enough to let go and move on. go int say you dont have enough time. You have exactly the analogous number of hours per day that were given to Helen Keller, Pasteur, Michaelangelo, M other(a) Teresea, Leonardo da Vinci, Thomas Jefferson, Albert Einstein, etc If you really want to do something, youll find a way. If you dont, youll find an excuse. Dont choose the one who is beautiful to the world choose the one who makes your world beautiful. Falling in love is not a choice. To stay in love is.True love isnt about being inseparable its about two people being true to each other even when they are separated. While youre busy looking for the perfect person, youll probably miss the imperfect person who could make you perfectly happy. Never do something permanently foolish just because you are temporaril y upset. You can learn great things from your mistakes when you arent busy denying them. Read The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. In life, if you dont risk anything, you risk all(prenominal)thing.When you stop chasing the wrong things you give the right things a chance to catch you. Every single thing that has ever happened in your life is preparing you for a moment that is yet to come. There isnt anything noble about being superior to another person. True nobility is in being superior to the person you once were. Trying to be someone else is a waste of the person you are. You will never become who you want to be if you keep blaming everyone else for who you are now. People are more what they hide than what they show.Sometimes people dont notice the things others do for them until they stop doing them. Dont listen to what people say, watch what they do. Being alone does not mean you are lonely, and being lonely does not mean you are alone. Love is not about sex, going on fancy dates, or showing off. Its about being with a person who makes you happy in a way nobody else can. Anyone can come into your life and say how much they love you. It takes someone really special to stay in your life and show how much they love you. Burn the candles, use the nice sheets, wear the fancy lingerie. Dont save it for a special occasion today is special. Love and deem your parents.We are often so busy growing up, we forget they are also growing old. When you have to start compromising yourself and your morals for the people rough you, its probably time to change the people around you. Learn to love yourself first, instead of loving the idea of other people loving you. When someone tells you, Youve changed, it might simply be because youve stopped living your life their way. Someone else doesnt have to be wrong for you to be right. Be happy. Be yourself. If others dont like it, then let them be. pleasure is a choice. Life isnt about pleasing everybody. When youre up, you r friends know who you are. When youre down, you know who your friends are. Dont look for someone who will solve all your problems look for someone who will face them with you.If you expect the world to be fair with you because you are fair, youre fooling yourself. Thats like expecting the lion not to eat you because you didnt eat him. No matter how good or bad you have it, wake up each day thankful for your life. Someone somewhere else is desperately fighting for theirs. The smallest act of kindness is worth more than the grandest intention. Many people are so poor because the only thing they have is money. Learn to appreciate the things you have before time forces you appreciate the things you once had. When you choose to look the good in others, you end up finding the good in yourself. You dont drown by falling in the water.You drown by staying there. Its better to know and be disappointed than to never know and always wonder. There are things that we dont want to happen but hav e to accept, things we dont want to know but have to learn, and people we cant live without but have to let go. Happiness is not determined by whats happening around you, but rather whats happening inside you. Most people depend on others to gain happiness, but the truth is, it always comes from within. If you tell the truth, it becomes a part of your past. If you lie, it becomes a part of your future.What you do every day matters more than what you do every once in a while. Read The Power of Habit. You cant start the next chapter of your life if you keep re-reading your last one. Things turn out best for people who make the best out of the way things turn out. If you dont like something, change it. If you cant change it, change the way you think about it.

Microsoft Word Essay Example for Free

Microsoft Word Essayi? For M2, the evidence can be taken from anywhere. Learners be non requisite to learn standard proofing symbols, but are expected to give rise notes or marks on the original document which indicate what has to be done. Evidence eachow require the initial documents, the final documents and some indication of au becauseticity of work. Indications of what would be appropriate are included in the relevant section of the PSA. As founder of my continued training in my post I am required to maintain and improve my communication skills. I will communicate review compose documents to produce final versions. Spell checker was one tool that I used to review draft documents. I clicked on the Spelling Grammar option. I then looked to see the options for the misspelt word and then pressed add. I then got a pop up showing that the spelling and grammar were all correct. Spelling and Grammar options are in truth important to en legitimate that everything is making se nse and everything is spelt correctly. Its very important that when you hand work in its perfect as if its not it will look un headmaster.Sometimes the Spelling and Grammar option may pick out words and spell them the American way. This option should be used with caution. following(a) I made use of the thesaurus and synonyms options. I right clicked a word that I wanted to change and clicked Synonyms which gave me a list of words I could change it to. Another option is to press Thesaurus on the review section. It does the same as Synonyms. The Thesaurus and synonyms option is very useful if you want to up level words or find other suitable options for specific words.When changing to more complex words it makes your work sound more professional and high level. Lastly, I made use of document tracking options. This is a very important factor when reviewing documentations and can help compare new documents to earlier old ones. I chose the Track changed option and changed my document a ccording to how I wanted it to be. I then pressed accept and it showed and highlighted where I had made changed in my document. The Document Tracking Option allows you to track where you have change the document.It also allows you to compare with the previous one so you can decide what you think is discontinue which is very useful. Making use of the reviewing tools that Microsoft word has to offer is very important. Each tool can help greatly when reviewing documents in order to make sure they are at a high level standard that do not include any grammatical or spelling errors that may make the individual look unprofessional. There are many more tools and techniques then the ones listed in this report that can help greatly in the review process.Its always very important to make sure that there are no errors in the work as the individual needs to show that they are checking their work and are motivated and care about the quality of the work in helping aid and contribute to the compan y or patronage. Using all these tools can help aid the review process and can help improve the quality of the work thus helping the quality in which it contributes to the business or company. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Software section.

Juno Movie Analysis Essay

Juno Movie Analysis EssayFemales have been stereotyped, from the prefect wife to the maid.. Whatever the role, television, film and popular magazines be full of images of women and girls who are typically white, desperately thin, with flawless skin. However, female stereotypes continue to thrive in the media we consume every day. In 2007, director Jason Reitman, brought fourth into the world A comedy close to growing up And the bumps along the counsel. It started as an independent film phenomenon but soon grew into a motion picture that captured the hearts and minds of millions of people. The movie was entitled Juno. Juno reflects the changing sexual urge issues and social attitudes regarding immature maternal quality. Since the movie was release, there have been quite a few television shows with teen pregnancy as the main theme, videlicet ABC Familys The Secret Life of the American Teenager in 2008 and MTVs Sixteen and Pregnant in 2008 and Teen Mom in 2010. Twenty years ago, movies and TV shows showing teenage pregnancy in such a arrogant light would have been seen as some kind of dislike and probably neer have aired. If the issues of teenage pregnancy were to have come up at all, it would have been seen with very negative con nonations. Juno opens the doors for TV shows such as the one summon higher up and changes the dominant ideology reflecting the change in social attitudes regarding teenage pregnancy and gender roles.Juno tells the story of teenager, Juno McGruff who becomes pregnant after a sexual find with her friend Paulie Bleeker. Upon making her mind either keep the baby, have the baby and give it up for adoption, or to have an abortion, Juno decides to have the baby and to give it up for adoption. The rest of the movie goes on to telling the story of Junos pregnancy, including telling her parents that she is pregnant, the process of selecting a family in which to give her child to, her changing relationship with Paulie, and her daily exerciseion and struggles as a pregnant high school student. In the end, the parents in which Juno decided to give her baby to, Mark and Vanessa, end up getting a divorce. Yet, Juno fluid decided to give her baby to Vanessa in the end. This is one of the biggest ways that I think Juno represents the changing gender roles. Aside from one small meltdown toward the end of the movie, Juno seems to deal with her unplanned pregnancy in a somewhat cheerful, sarcastic manor. This shows that an unplanned pregnancy, something that would have been seen as almost unforgivable and an act that would ruin both young womans reputation, nowadays is seen as an almost normal event, even though it may not be the most common. This also shows the organic evolution of gender roles and values in modern cinema. Finally is the issue of how casual sex is depicted in the film. Juno and Paulie were not in any kind of orchis relationship, at least, not at the beginning of the movie, when they had sex and Ju no got pregnant. While Juno and Paulie do engage in casual sex, Juno is never called an offensive name, nor does it ever mention that she has been with any other partners in the movie. This depiction of a casual encounter is yet another example of changing gender roles and values within the depiction of teenage women in the media.As most of us know by now, when a girl enters adolescence, she faces a series of loss and changes, the loss of self confidence and not to mention the body changes. As psychologist have pointed away in recent years, adolescent girls in American are afflicted with a range of problem, including junior-grade self- esteem, eating disorders, binge drinking, date rape and other dating violence, teen pregnancy(Gilligan). Jessica L. speaks of the specific issues with the film in her paper, Sexual Subjectivity A semiotic Analysis of Girlhood, Sex and Sexuality in the Film Juno. While situating sexual desire, biological possibilities, and social responses to girls engagement in sexual intercourse at the meat of its plot, Juno depicts the transgressive sexual agency of a young girl without substantially disrupting longstanding discourses of femininity. Though an analysis of the semiotics of girlhood within the film, she argues that the girl figure in this representation signifies an combination of two traditionally categorized concepts of femininity. Juno serves as a particularly intriguing example of the ways in which adolescent female sexuality is conceptualized within westward culture during the early part of the 21st century (Willis). In her paper, she goes on to commend Diablo Cody, writer of Juno for her representation of Juno, in a visual era absent widespread representations of strong youth female characters not sexually objectified or singularly defined by their interest in romance (Willis). The way Juno is pictured as a female character that is not overtly sexualized starts with her basic appearance. Rather than a stereotypical de piction of the female body as a sexual object, sexual desire is visibly expressed and acted upon by the girl character (Willis).The fact that Juno was the one to initiate the sexual contact with Paulie challenges the traditional beliefs of gender roles in the area of teenage sexuality. In the movie Juno, teenage pregnancy is also being displayed in the almost positive way. In other media, pregnancy is displayed showing some kind of negative effect. The way media shows any kind of issue is usually a direct reflection of social values. Angela McRobbie addresses this issue in her book Feminism and Youth Culture. The diversification of forms of media and the sophisticated shake-up of various categories of audience require that, while a consensual social morality capacity still be a political objective, the chances of it being delivered directly through the channels of the media are much less certain (McRobbie). But the question still remains, is media influencing the way we think regar d teenage pregnancy, or is it a correct reflection of our changing attitudes? I believe that the media influences the way we think of any issue in this case teen pregnancy. The authors of the article Suddenly Teen Pregnancy is Cool? suggest perhaps a little of both. While they do point out all the instances of teenage pregnancy in recent years of popular culture, Movies like Knocked Up and Waitress, and celebrity moms including Nicole Richie and Jessica Alba, are part of a trend thats wholesale teen culture along with it American Idol star Fantasia Barrino became a mom at 17, and the last season of Degressi The Next Generation ended with Emma realizing that she might be pregnant. The media is awash in it, says David Landry, senior research associate at the Guttmacher Institute in New York, a non-profit organization focused on sexual and reproductive health (Gulli).In Conclusion, Juno decides to avoid traditional family roles and still gives her child to Vanessa, even though she and Mark are divorcing. It is not unusual to see a single working mother nowadays, especially more so now than thirty years ago. Even single working mothers are shown more oftentimes in the media such as in Gilmore Girls and the new show Parenthood. Through the examples of traditional family roles being challenged by Juno still giving Vanessa her baby, a positive representation of unwanted teenage pregnancy, and showing casual sex between teenagers, it is clear that the release of Juno opens the doors for TV shows such as the one mention above and changes the dominant ideology reflecting the change in social attitudes regarding teenage pregnancy and gender roles. We just need to remember like Margaret Mead once said, today our children are not brought up by parents, they are brought up by the mass media (mead).

Assessment Frameworks of Multiple Stressors

Assessment Frameworks of Multiple StressorsA review of environmental and homophile health bump sound judgment frameworks of triune stressors the case of hormone disruptorsAbstractThis review is a compilation of the recommended app lotes and methods for the development of a danger appraisal framework of multiple stressors. approximately of the driving forces contri saveing to address this dependent ar the current demands of stakeholders like the drinking piss industry, the society and regulators of evaluating the risks of mixtures of contaminants that may terms world beings and the environment. on that pointfore, our work aims at exploring the possibility of integrating at heart the risk sagacity, environmental, human and societal aspects, acknowledging new international regulations and policies for the safe occasion of chemicals which enforce the integrative study of the hazards of multiple chemicals on humans and the environment doneout their life-cycle. We chose t he conclave of compounds called endocrine disruptors as an example of multiple stressors because of their emerging relevance and the fact that they usually integrate complex mixtures, originate from multiple book of factss and exist in several(prenominal) environmental compartments, generating adverse effect on receptors through contrasting routes and pathways. Their actions may be severe chronic and long-term modifications of the normal development and re return patterns of the undivided and/or its progeny, eventually re benefactioning systemic risks at the commonwealth level which may affect sustainability and biodiversity. Due to the ubiquity of these chemicals, it is necessary to address the inclusion of human beings as potential receptors and deal with risk judgement in an integrated manner. As endocrine disruptors may provoke differentiated responses relative to the developmental phase, acting through varied mechanisms and at very low concentrations, with the particula rity that their toxicokinetics may present sometimes unusual dose-response curves, might challenge long-term predictions and hazard characterization, adding to risk assessment un realties. References to the current methodologies including the applic up to(p) bioassays, chemical analysis, prototypeing, statistics tools and equations to calculate joint personal effects considering the interactions of toxicants within a mixture are overly discussed in this review.KEY WORDSrisk assessment, endocrine disruptors, multiple stressors1. IntroductionThe aim of this review is to analyze the risk assessment frameworks and current practices, the integration of environmental and human health methodologies, the effects evaluation and how to assess the risk of complex mixtures of chemicals. Assessing the risks of multiple stressors for human health and the environment arises from the realization that biological and physical stressors usually coexist in complex mixtures in the natural and constru cted environment, sometimes generating impacts on living creatures.Historically, since the publication in 1962 of the book Silent Spring, by Rachel Carson, a warning on the deleterious actions on wildlife of persistent toxicants, such as DDT, which caused a decrease of birds in Pennsylvania, became presentwas recognised among the scientific world, the media and the society. More recently, the research by Dr. Theo Colborn on the reproductive dis armys of predators in the smashing Lakes of North America and her book, published in 1996 Our Stolen Future co-authored by herself with Dianne Dumanoski and John Peterson Myers, was able to generate public awareness on the threats that EDCs might pose to human beings and the environment.Some of the driving forces for writing this review are the demands of stakeholders represented by the community, the NGOs, the health and environmental regulators, the manufacture industrial sector and the drinking water companies. For instance, the European Environment and Health Strategy emphatically stresses the gaps in knowledge related to risk assessment methodologies that allow in foetuses, infants and children and calls for the precautionary principle within the strategy for environmental contaminants, for which there is a sufficient level of scientific evidence at the effect level (e.g. molecular, cellular, or tissue-related) to show the likelihood of health impacts. Not comme il faut information exists on the link between emissions of dioxins and PCBs and other substances and their accumulation in ecosystems and foodstuffs. The need for research on the understanding of the links between environmental factors and certain diseases is accepted, but, due to the complexity of the issue, the immediate action is to gather evidence in order to concrete measures to comfort human health and the environment.Many reports are able to demonstrate through laboratory experiments and field surveys that video of animals to chemicals release d into the environment exert reproductive or developmental effects on the individual and its off-spring, affecting the viability of the species at a population level (Colborn and Smolen 1997). As a matter of fact, these kind of adverse effects have been observed in wildlife and numerous of them can be attributed to the exposure to man-made chemicals. The cause-effect relationship is still controversial in human beings, but still a matter of concern due to the severity of potential harm that could affect individuals and populations. Thus, regulatory decisions must be in organize by risk assessment on this important topic (Fenner-Crisp 2000).endocrine gland-mediated effects may be more relevant in populations rather than in individuals. As there is still not consensus about a cause-effect relationship, it is recommended a science-based precautionary get to protect public health. Further research is needed to demonstrate effects and carry out birth defect registries and epidemiology studies designed to track delayed effects of environmental exposures (Solomon and Schettler 2000).The classical paradigm of human health risk assessment authored by the National Research Council (NRC, 1983) is composed of four steps hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterization. This paradigm was modified in 1994 to include characterization of each component. One of the approaches considered by some authors as best suited for developing a risk assessment of multiple stressors is a cumulative risk assessment framework, which may include societal aspects with participatory involvement of stakeholders (Gentile and Harwell 2001 Callahan and Sexton 2007 USEPA 2003).The global trim back towards a policy-driven integration apply to risk assessment, demanded by regulations on safety of chemicals and industrial operations should ideally include a multiplicity of stressors, compartments, geographical scales, and end-points (Assmuth and Hildn 2008). For example, the new European Union Regulation on chemicals and its safe use (REACH, EC 1907/2006) enforces linking risks to human health and the environment for chemicals throughout their life cycle. In united States, the Environmental Protection federal agency, still discusses both topics separately because of practical reasons, but acknowledging the need to integrate them.An overview of the virtually suitable risk assessment frameworks is described in this literature review, focusing on the case of mixtures of reproductive endocrine disruptors. Matters that differentiate this topic are also presented, regarding particularities in mechanistic and toxicokinetics aspects and some of the sources of uncertainties and confounding factors. develop a novel approach to the classical risk assessment scheme is also a goal, with the intention of contributing to design a risk assessment framework comprising a choice of tests, models, computational and statistical tools.2. Hazard id entificationIn this stage the nature of the hazard is described taking into account perniciousness data. The hazard can then be characterized deriving numerical values of acceptability of the risk, based on mechanisms of action, biological extrapolation, dose-response and dose-effect relationships, and related uncertainties (Fenner-Crisp, 2003).2.1. Nature of the hazardEndocrine disruptors (EDCs) are substances that interfere with the endocrine system by changing homeostasis and producing developmental effects and/or diminishing the fertility of the organisms. EDCs include a broad endure of substances which can be classified according to their effect. The best known are the environmental estrogens, alkylphenol and its ethoxylates, the monomer in polycarbonate manufacture bisphenol A, some pesticides and chlorinated organics.2.2. Sources of EDCsPossible sources of watercourses pollution with EDCs are wastewater sewer discharge, industrial outflowings, or point and non-point source contamination of watercourses with agrochemicals such as herbicides or pesticides.Sewage discharge from cities contains residues of domestic products such as ain care products, pharmaceuticals and detergents and excreta with natural and artificial steroidal hormones from contraceptive pill usage. Nonylphenol (NP) is a highly hydrophobic bioccumulating biodegradation by-product of nonylphenol ethoxylate non-ionic surfactants which persists in sewage sludge and river sediments. Its use and production have been banned in EU countries and strictly monitored in many other countries such as Canada and Japan (Soares et al. 2008).Pulp mills are some of the industries associated to studies on endocrine disruption. Bleached Kraft soma mill effluents have been conjugated to both estrogenic and androgenic effects on biota, depending on the process characteristics and wastewater treatment. Several studies have associated the chlorination of organic matter to the estrogenicity of the effluent . Nowadays, the covering of elemental-chlorine-free processes has diminished the risk of dioxins and furans formation, but not eliminated it, as other halogenated organics are formed by use of chlorine dioxide as bleaching agent. Various wood-extractive compounds produced in the pulping process, such as rosin acids and phytosterols and found in pulp mills effluents have also been considered potentially responsible of endocrine disruption (Hewitt et al. 2008). The main identified resin acids in pulp mill effluents are pimaric, isopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric, dehydroabietic, abietic and neoabietic acid (Merilinen and Oikari, 2008). Other compounds found in this type of effluent are phenolic guaiacyl-based lignin degradation products, diterpenoids, and dimethoxy stilbene (Belknap et al, 2006). Modern analytical methods, like full-scan GC-MS have been used to identify wood related extractives in last effluent from a chlorine dioxide bleached pulp mill effluent, including mono terpenes, phenolics, fatty acids, resin acids, resin acid neutrals and sterols (Wartman et al. 2009). Receptor binding bioassays for androgens and estrogens indicated that androgens were most abundant in this effluent and the range of androgens for the various extraction protocols used was 189-283 ng/L as testosterone equivalent concentration.Some examples of common sources of EDCs and typical environmental concentrations are summarized on Table 1.Table 1.Sources of EDCs and typical environmental concentrationsOrigin, use and occurrenceSource of environmental exposureEDC classExample moleculeTypical concentrationsReferenceindustrial (pulp and opus mills)Contaminated seekResin acidspimaric acid4-140 g g-1Owens et al, 1994Industrial (pulp and paper mills)Industrial wastewater treatment kit and caboodleChlorinated organics2,4,6-trichlorophenol1.5 g l-1Owens et al, 1994Industrial (pulp and paper mills)Final stage in submit treatmentPhytosterols-sitosterol58.42 g l-1Landman et al, 2 008Domestic,(contraceptive pills)Sewage effluentPharmaceuticals17-ethynylestradiol14-17 ng l-1Liu et al, 2004Human and animal excretaSewage effluentNatural steroid hormones17-estradiol5.0 ng l-1Koh YKK et al,2007Domestic and industrial (laundry detergents, wool scouring processes)Sewage sludgeNon ionic surfactants4-nonylphenol829.3 mg/kgGonzlez et al, 2010Domestic and industrial (polycarbonate bottles)Leaching from solid waste, sewage effluentPolycarbonatebisphenol A0.62 g l-1Snchez-Avila et al, 2009Agricultural (soil fertilization)Livestock wasteMale steroid hormonestestosterone10-1830 ng l1Lange et al, 2002Agricultural (dairy farming)Streams contaminated by dairy cow excretaFemale steroid hormones17-oestradiol0.04-3.6 ng l1Matthiessen et al, 2006Agricultural(weed and grass harbour in soybean crops)Run-offHerbicideglyphosate0.1-0.7 mg l-1Peruzzo et al, 20082.2. Dose-response assessmentThere are several methods to demonstrate dose-response relationships, either by in vivo or in vit ro tests. seek upbringing tests, like the ones using the model fish fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) have shown a decrease in fecundity associated with depressed steroid and vitellogenin (Vtg) production in female specimens (Ankley et al. 2008). Many of the tests rely on the measurement of an increase of Vtg as biomarker of estrogenicity as seen in several publications (Schwaiger et al. 2002 An et al. 2008 Holbech et al. 2006 Panter et al, 1998 Sohoni et al. 2001 Kunz and Fent, 2009).Tests results on resin acids show different responses in the first generation of fish than in the second (Christianson-Heiska et al. 2007).In some cases there are not many examples of in vivo tests, like for glyphosate. A fish exposure tests with this compound showed Vtg induction in female fish, indicative of estrogenic activity (An et al, 2008). An investigation working the commercial formulation of the herbicide glyphosate and human placental cells demonstrated its toxicity at concentrations lo wer than the usual in agricultural practices. The aromatase activity disruption seems to be due not only to glyphosate but also to co-adjuvants (the surfactant nonylphenol or others), which enhance its bioavailability and/or bioaccumulation (Richard et al. 2005 Gasnier et al. 2009). Table 2 shows some examples of dose-response experiments working with fish, crustacea, molluscs and amphibia. Varied protocols exist to develop ecotoxicity tests, in flow-through, static or partly renewal conditions, and with different duration and end-points. Only chronic effects and particularly developmental and reproductive effects were considered.Table 2. Dose-response for endocrine disruption effects in freshwater organisms exposed to single EDCsEDC chemical nameTaxonomic groupSpeciesDose to produce effectEffectTest conditionsReference4-nonylphenol searchRivulus marmoratus300g l-1Testicular agenesis and oogenesis inhibition in century % fishStatic system, daily renewalTanaka and Grizzle, 20024-nony lphenol searchOncorhynchus mykiss, rainbow trout1 -10 g l-110 g l-1High Vtg in adult male fish plasmaLow hatching rateIntermittent exposure of adult fish for 4 months until spawning Schwaiger et al, 20024-nonylphenolCrustaceanCeriodaphnia dubiaNOEC for reproduction 1 g l-1Low hatching rate7 days chronic exposure, staticIsidori et al, 2005Glyphosate look forCarassius carassius, crucian carp atomic number 6% effluentVtg induction in female fish (38.6 +/- 9.8 g l-1)3 weeks, continuous exposureAn et al, 2008GlyphosateMolluskPseudosuccinea columella, aquatic snail1 mg l-110 mg l-1Faster development of F3 embryosHatching inhibition3 generation continuousTate et al, 1997EstroneFishDanio rerioLOEC 14 ng l-150 ng l-1 material Vtg increaseHigher female ratio40 days fish sexual development testHolbech et al, 200617-EstradiolFishDanio rerioLOEC 54 ng l-1 authoritative Vtg increaseHigher female ratio40 days fish sexual development testHolbech et al, 200617-EstradiolFishPimephales promelas, fathe ad minnow coulomb ng l-1Significant Vtg increaseTesticular growth inhibition21 days male fish exposurePanter et al, 1998EstriolFishDanio rerioLOEC 0.6 g l-121.7 g l-1Significant Vtg increaseHigher female ratio40 days fish sexual development testHolbech et al, 2006Dehydroabietic acid (DHAA), resin acidFishDanio rerio, zebra fish50 g l-1Low plasma Vtg in female in F0 high Vtg and affected spermatogenesis in F1 males2 generations, continuousChristianson-Heiska et al 2008-sitosterolFishDanio rerio10-20 g l-1F1 higher ratio of male fish F2 higher ratio of female fish2 generation fish exposure testNakari and Erkomaa, 2003Quercetin, phytoestrogen amphibious aircraftXenopus laevis, frog200 g l-1Higher female ratio 10% abnormal testes (some with ovotestes)Exposure up to 1 month post-metamorphosisCong et al, 2006Phenanthrene, PAHFishOryzias latipes,MedakaNOEL 100 g l-1Developmental, hatching18 days, renewalRhodes et al, 2005Bisphenol AMolluskMarisa cornuaretis, aquatic snailNOEC 640 g l-1Deve lopmental12 weeks, juvenile snailsForbes et al, 2007Bisphenol AFishPimephales promellas16 g l-1640 and 1280 g l-1640 g l-11280 g l-1Altered spermatogenesisGrowth inhibition and Vtg induction in male fishReduced hatchability in F1 generation screwball production inhibition3 generation reproduction exposure testSohoni et al, 2001Bisphenol AFishBrachydanio rerio, zebrafishEC50 2.90 g l-1Embryo malformation and low hatchability72 h exposureLiu et al, 2007Benzo--pirene (BaP) (PAH)FishFundulusheteroclitus , common mummichog10 g l-1CYP19A1 expression decreased by about 50% in immature stage I oocytesExposurefor 10 or 15 days by in situ hybridization, several developmental stagesDong et al, 2008Polychlorinated biphenyl 126FishDanio rerio, zebrafishLC50 3.270 mg l-1Developmental effects through aryl hydrocarbon receptor energizingDilutions of PCB 126 for 12 weeksSiman et al, 2007Polychlorinated biphenyl 126FishSalvelinus namaycush, lake trout3 g kg1body weightRetinol depletionOral exposure f or 12 weeks confirmation with radiolabelled retinolPalacea et al, 1997Benzophenone-1FishPimephales promelas4919 g l-1Vtg induction14 days exposure, semi-static, renewalKunz and Fent, 20093. Exposure assessment3.1. Ecosystems and human sub-populations potentially at risk of endocrine disruption effectsIncreasing evidence generated by scientists turn endocrine disruption into a recognized risk to the environment. Due to the ubiquity of EDCs and the widespread routes of exposure, most ecosystems and human populations are potentially at risk of endocrine disruption. Notwithstanding this fact, under the scope of a risk assessment of EDCs the potentially most vulnerable risk subgroups are identified corresponding to maternal, fetal and early developmental stages. The concern that prenatal or childhood exposure to EDCs may be responsible for abnormalities in human sexual and reproductive health are still in the hypothetical ground. However, many reports on exposure to high concentrations of recognized EDCs such as DES, certain PCBs, and DDT demonstrate this fact. At low-doses the question remains unanswered whether there could be a critical window where they could harm the fetal development (Hood 2005).Several reports on human developmental anomalies and reproductive ailments have been raising international concern, such as a seven folding increase risk of testicular cancer since 1969 to 2002 in men from several countries of Europe, United States and New Zealand. Also, the sperm density halved, as rates of cryptorchidism (undescended testicles) and hypospadias (shortened urinary tracts) simultaneously rose. It is thought that human congenital malformation of sex organs, low sperm quality, endometriosis, reduced fertility and some types of cancers of breast and testis could be linked to exposure to EDCs. More than 80000 synthetic chemicals are produced in the world and have still not been fully evaluating with regards to endocrine disruption. In 1996, the U.S. Envir onmental Protection Agency initiated an Endocrine Disruption Screening Program to evaluate more than 15,000 chemicals calling for a policy based on the precautionary approach to be overcautious and protect human health and the environment. A historical example of policies which demanded the banning of a drug due to these after-effects is the case of diethylstilbestrol (DEADES), which used to be dictate to pregnant women to prevent spontaneous abortions because it produced higher risk of genital deformities and cancer in the offspring, among other effects (Stair 2008).Internationally there is consensus that the most vulnerable group for EDCs exposure are children. For example, in European countries, the Strategy for Environment and Health known as SCALE for Science, Children, Awareness, Legislation and Evaluation, has set as a priority agenda for the evaluation diseases caused by endocrine disruptors in children.The exposure to insecticides and herbicides used in agricultural practi ces has been linked to developmental or reproductive effects in wild animals and also in human beings. The occupational exposure to pesticide has received much attention, as for example prolonged time-to-pregnancy was observed in male glasshouse workers exposed to pesticides before conception of their first pregnancy (Bretveld et al 2008). The domestic exposure of children to residues of pesticides in low-level long-term exposures are associated to chronic effects and include routes of exposure such as fruit or breast milk (Goodman and Laverda 2002).3.2. Evidence of endocrine disruption effects in wildlife round the worldThere are reports on impacts on wildlife reproduction and development observed in invertebrates, fish, reptiles, birds and mammals, sometimes confirmed by laboratory tests. In laboratory experiments the impacts to fish populations by EDCs affect reproductive health and persistence of various fish species (Mills and Chichester 2005). Many examples of impacts due to exposure to endocrine disruptors exist in wildlife, such as the seals population decline in the Baltic and North Sea, the high levels of female egg yolk in male fish or snail imposex and intersex around the world. Intersexuality of fish has been demonstrated in several investigations carried out in rivers around the world. The findings of abnormal reproductive female-like ducts and oocytes in male fish were related to the treated sewage discharge from the cities in laboratory experiments measuring induction of plasma vitellogenin in exposed male fish (Jobling et al. 2002). Field studies were carried out using wild roach as a model fish to confirm the incidence and the severity of intersex which correlated with the predicted concentrations of the natural estrogens (E1 and E2) and the synthetic contraceptive pill estrogen (EE2) present (Jobling et al. 2006).Some case-studies have made clear that the estrogenic activity of municipal wastewater correlates to demographics. The number of inhabitants was found to correlate with changes in estrogenic activities in a research conducted at a university city in US, with seasonal fluctuations in population. The concentrations of synthetic and natural estrogens and other EDCs were measured and effects demonstrated through the application of in vivo and in vitro tests (fish exposure with Vtg induction measurement and the yeast estrogen screen) (Brooks et al. 2003).The demonstration of effects of pulp mill effluents has also been supported by fish surveys with a sampling design that includes upstream and downstream sites from the discharge pipe of the pulp mill. For instance, Munkittrick et al. (1994) have demonstrated that the absence of chlorine bleaching or the presence of secondary treatment does not eliminate estrogenic responses evidenced by decreased circulating levels of sex steroids, decreased gonadal size, which implies that there may be multiple causative agents. In other cases, androgenic effects have been notic ed, such as a biased male to female ratio in fish in Sweden downstream from pulp mills (Larsson and Frlin 2002).As seen on Table 3, several adverse endocrine effects are evidenced in various animals, from mollusks to amphibian but they also appear in higher animal species.Table 3. Effects of EDCs in wildlife evidenced through field studies carnalEffectEDCsPostulated mechanism or causative agentReferenceFrogHigh incidence of deformed frogs in Minnesota, United States Multiple EDCsRetinoid signalingpathways activationGardiner et al. 2003Marine GastropodsMasculinization of female snails (imposex) occurs worldwide. Females grow accessory sex organs including sperm ducts, seminal vesicles,external sperm grooves, and penises.Exposure to low levels of tributyltin (TBT) (1ng/l)Aromatase inhibition, testosterone inhibition, or neuroendocrine disorder or interaction with retinoid receptorsNovk et al. 2008Wild roach (Rutilius rutilus)Intersex, and high plasma Vtg concentrationMultiple EDCsSewa ge effluent from wastewater treatment plant discharging into riversJoblin et al. 2006Mosquitofish(Gambusia affinis)Masculinization (90% affected in number of segments in the longest anal fin ray).Androgen-dependent gene expression by luciferase testKraft pulp mill effluentAffinity for human androgen receptor (hAR)Parks et al. 2001Eastern Mosquitofish, (Gambusia holbrooki)Androgenic activity measured by androgen receptor agreement assay with human receptor in sediment. Fish masculinization.Paper mill effluent, riverPine pulp-derived phytosteroids accumulate in river sediment where they are converted by microbes into progesterone and this into androstenedione and other bioactive steroidsJenkins et al. 20033.3. Conceptual modelDeriving a conceptual model requires knowing the pathways and toxicokinetics of the EDCs identified in the hazard identification step. An effects-based assessment start by identifying the effects and the relevant stressors and geographically located (for example through the use of GIS software). On the other hand, the model used in stressor-based assessments, depicts how stressors affect receptors and it is commonly applied when evaluating risks of environmental pollution. If a river basin is evaluated, the sources of contamination are studied, identifying the pathways, receptors and effects. To develop the human health risk assessment component, the fish consumption of the population and the drinking water intake are two of the main factors to consider especially for the most vulnerable population, which are newborn and lactating infants. The food chain is the main source of exposure, and in particular, fish consumption and drinking water are possible sources for the nursing mother and the pathway of distribution through the milk to the baby, but the direct intake of drinking water is important in the case of formula preparation. The environmental risk assessment should consider fish, crustacean and sediment dwelling organisms within the framework.During pregnancy maternal fat is moved, releasing to the blood the bioaccumulated compounds, due to their liposolubility and persistence, through all the different exposure routes (foodstuffs, environmental, occupational) throughout her life. Acute exposure should also be considered if it happened previously to gestation or during this period. There are substances that traspass the placental barrier and chemicals reach the offspring. Also, through the breastmilk, explaining the extrangely high levels of some xenobiotics (Fernndez et al. 2007).3.4. Methodologies to determine dose-response in exposure assessmentThe analysis of exposure and effect determines the concentration of the EDC on the environment matrixes matrices (water courses, ground water, drinking water, soil, sediment, air, biota), and assesses the potential or actual effects. In order to do so, many tools are recommended and in general a tiered approach is the most suited for this task as it helps to work in a logical order and increasing the specificity of the tests.One of the main sources of exposure to most chemicals is through the food chain. The bioconcentration of organics in beef, cow milk and vegetation correlates to the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) to predict the bioaccumulation in the aquatic and terrestrial food chains (Travis and Arms 1988). There are many models based on the characteristics of the chemicals, such as the fugacity model, which allows to predict the expected concentrations in six environmental compartments (water, air, soil, bottom and suspended sediment and fish) (MacKay et al. 1985).3.4.1. The use of a tiered methodology to demonstrate endocrine disruptive effectsThis type of approach is carried out including different tests, such as bioassays, in vitro tests and field studies as part of the experimental design. The methodologies generally employed are in vivo fish reproduction exposure tests and in vitro receptor binding bioassays, for androgens and estrogens (Wartman et al., 2009). Even though there is an international trend towards diminishing the use of live organisms for experimentation for safety testing, in vivo tests are still of key importance for the confirmation of the findings of in vitro screens. Some of the most utilized tests relay on the use of fish as model experimental organism in various life-stages, as for example the 21 days reproduction fish test with fathead minnow (EPA/600/R-01/067).3.4.2. In vitro screens and testsSome of the in vitro assays that can be used as screening tools of estrogenic activity are the following yeast based assays, cell proliferation assays, bindin

The Role of Acupuncture in Fertility

The Role of acupuncture in Fertilitystylostixis is a tralatitious medicine form that has been around for over 3000 years, originating in China and is utilise in to treat various health problems such as back and joint pains, relieve stress and regulate the feed of chi or brawniness in the soundbox of the person that avails it. Acupuncture makes use of very thin needles inserted in different pressure points throughout your body to achieve faculty string up regulation and promote health and healthful-being. Apart from this, the use of acupuncture has likewise been apply to champion people having problems in prolificacy. It chiffonier be used to help you conceive if you atomic number 18 having problems doing so.Over the years, more and more treatments aiming to address fertility and creative activity problems and help individuals and twains get pregnant. Some of these treatments have worked in one bearing or the other, while some have been proven to be ineffective and ar eventually no longer used or prescribed. Among these treatment methods, traditional Chinese medicine procedures such as acupuncture and others are still used in the Western world and is gaining popularity for its benefits not only for helping couple in terms or fertility and conception but also for their general health status.What is Fertility? Conception?Fertility is the articulate that is used to declare your power to get pregnant (if you are a female) or impregnate (for males). It is ordinarily connected to your capacity to perform the roles and responsibilities associated either with motherhood or fatherhood. However, the word conception is used to point out to a state when that capacity to get pregnant is dissipaten advantage of, resulting to the creation of a fetus and accordingly pregnancy. These are all part of the natural order of things and are considered to be both responsibilities and privileges as well.The Problem of Fertility and ConceptionOne of the nigh e licit phases in the life of an individual is when he or she is able to procreate and beget forth a child in to the world. If you are a woman, getting pregnant usually is correlated to your sense of completeness and ability to perform your biological role of motherhood. Likewise, if you are a man, being a father confirms your virility and your ability to procreate and start a family. Therefore, conception is not only a burden and role placed upon the woman, but also upon the man as well because they have shared responsibilities in the process of conception. However, this is usually clouded when either of you are staged with problems with fertility and conception, resulting to decreased ability to get pregnant and bring forth a child. The usual problem of fertility and conception also puts a strain into a relationship, with partners focusing and stressing over the need to conceive.When you are stressed, it usually causes a disruption in the flow of your chi (or energy), and can br ing about changes in how your body functions. This change in bodily function can affect levels of specific hormones that are responsible for fertility (as with ovulation in females and sperm counts and motility in males), and eventually in conception. Also, stress can also take its toll on the body by altering blood and type O flow to vital parts of the body that plays a role in fertility, conception and pregnancy. Moreover, lifestyle and dietary patterns have also been shown and proven to play a significant role in your fertility by altering nutritional and oxygen level and delivery to other cells of your body. By having patterns that are less than ideal, your fertility, and subsequently, capacity to get pregnant may also be affected.Fertility and AcupunctureAs precedently mentioned, problems with fertility or more commonly called infertility, is due to a number of causes. In females, one of the most common factors associated with fertility is the front line of spasms in the ute rus and fallopian tubes and miscarriages. Acupuncture in fertility is usually used to address these problems. Also, since fertility is related to hormonal levels, acupuncture can also be used to treat problems with hormones (specifically the thyroid hormone) which are also pointed out to be root causes of infertility. This can be seen when hormones responsible for the general sense of health and well-being are being affected, creating what you call as a feel- thoroughly state. Likewise, acupuncture is also used as a form of treatment for people with infertility from usually unfathomed causes. These all help place acupuncture in the mainstream, allowing it to be used side-by-side with more medically-traditional treatments.For women, acupuncture has been seen to improve hormonal levels that are highly important for fertility such as the luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones. This can contribute greatly to higher chances of pregnancy, as was supported by research studies. In m ales, acupuncture has been seen to increase the fertility of males as it contributes to the increased number and volume of sperm cells with normal characteristics and reducing the number of defective ones. Moreover, this can also help improve sperm motility, causing it to kitchen stove its destination faster than other sperm cells.Benefits of Acupuncture in FertilityBecause of its ability to realign and create a sense of normalcy in your energy flow or chi, acupuncture can bring about a lot of benefits for you as you go on your way to improving your fertility and fail pregnant. As it balances those aspects of your mind and body that creates a problem in your state of fertility and ability to conceive, acupuncture combined with proper diet and a good physical environment can help you attain pregnancy. Moreover, the following aspects are also improved, contributing to increased fertility.1. Acupuncture helps you reduce stress levels. Because of the burden you face in becoming pregna nt, psychological form of stress is not uncommon. This can create a less than favorable impact on fertility since the presence of stress can lead your body to release hormones that may interrupt normal mechanisms that are related to proper ovulation and menstrual cycle. Acupuncture helps in this orbit by increasing the release of the hormone beta endorphin, allowing you to feel more relaxed and calm and decreasing your stress and anxiety levels. Also, because of this, the blood flowing to the uterus is improved, and oxygen and nutrient supply to the ovaries are maximized. When this happens, your menstrual cycles are regularized, ovulation cycles are normalized and fertility is improved.2. Acupuncture increases the strength of your insubordinate system. Sometimes, problems with fertility is caused by a problem with the immune system, making it less favorable for fertility to thrive and pregnancy to occur. Acupuncture treatments can help you treat the root cause of immune system pro blems and ensuring that your body is at its best possible condition necessary for fertility and conception.3. Acupuncture can help in regulating your hormones related to fertility. As mentioned in the previous section, when you are stressed, the body decreases its release of an endorphin that is necessary in controlling pain sensation and affecting the ovulatory processes essential for fertility and conception. Hormones such as the gonadotropin let go of hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and the luteinizing hormone are regulated, contributing to fertility.4. The quality of your egg cells are improved after acupuncture treatments. Because of its ability to normalize bodily functions, and in effect the function of your endocrine glands, acupuncture can help improve the quality of your egg cells, resulting to better chances of successful conception and pregnancy. Also, it has been shown that through regular treatments with acupuncture, women who are experiencing anovulatory cycles can achieve normalized menstrual cycles and that hormonal disturbances are also resolved.5. Side effects of medications may be reduced through acupuncture treatments. One of the most common medications prescribed to older women who want to become pregnant is Clomid. However, one of this drugs effect is the thinning of your uterine lining, decreasing your chances to successful pregnancy. Acupuncture serves a reversing agent for this by causing your uterine lining to thicken and allowing it to maintain a uniform appearance and functioning. Because of this, blood flow to the arteries in the uterus is improved, allowing more oxygen and nutrients to be distributed to the uterus and its linings which are conducive to promoting fertility and pregnancy.6. Acupuncture may be used concomitantly with in-vitro fertilization (IVF) for better success rates. Because of its capacity to increase and improve blood flow to the uterus, acupuncture is often used as a concomitant therapy to IVF. This is because acupuncture is seen to cause a thickening in the uterine lining that is rich in oxygen and nutrients, and also by causing this lining to be more uniform in structure. Blood flow to the ovaries are also increased, ensuring better quality of the egg cells.7. Uterine contractions are decreased. During implantation, there is a tendency for your uterus to contract, which may cause you to lose the pregnancy. Acupuncture treatments, when given regularly, may help in reducing these contractions during implantation, allowing the embryo to grow and become a fetus that can carry on to term.8. Acupuncture also helps fertility in males too. This is because with acupuncture, sperm appearance, count and motility is increased.The above-mentioned benefits of acupuncture in fertility may be achieved through regular treatments and observance of modalities that are set in place to ensure that you can best take advantage of the role of acupuncture in pregnancy.

Musik und ihre Wirkung in der Fernsehwerbung Essay -- essays research

1.EinleitungWerbung begegnet und begleitet uns permanent auf unterschiedlichste Weise durch hideout Alltag, sogar in der Freizeit werden wir immer wieder mit Werbung konfrontiert, ob zuhause oder unterwegs, freiwillig oder unfreiwillig.Vermutlich fllt es daher kaum einem Menschen in unserer heutigen Me fall inngesellschaft schwer, Slogans aus der Fernsehwerbung wie Nicht immer, aber immer fter. oder pass by zarteste Versuchung, seit es Schokolade gibt. mit dem entsprechenden umworbenen Produkt in Verbindung zu bringen, bei dem letzteren Slogan sogar die entsprechende Begleitmelodie mit zu summen.Ausgehend von dieser Vermutung stellen sich mir folgende Fragen, die im Verlauf dieser Arbeit beantwortet werden sollenWarum prgt sich die Fernsehwerbung so stark in unser Gedchtnis ein und welche bedeutende Rolle spielt die Musik dabei?Wie muss die Fernsehwerbung und die Musik beschaffen sein, damit sie sich so gut einprgt?Bevor ich auf die Werbung im Fernsehen zu sprechen komme, mchte ic h zunchst klren, wie sich der Begriff Werbung allgemein definiert und welche Formen von Werbung es gibt (Kapitel 2). Im anschlieenden Kapitel geht es dann speziell um Fernsehwerbung und deren Entstehung, Verbreitung und Nutzen fr die Werbeschaffenden (Kapitel 3).Das vierte Kapitel beschftigt sich mit allgemeinen und konkreten Zielsetzungen der Fernsehwerbung und ihre Wirkung auf den Konsumenten (Kapitel 4).Das nachfolgende Kapitel bearbeitet die Konzeption von Musik in der Fernsehwerbung. Bevor ich auf die Kompositionsformen entsprechender Musik und die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Musikstile im engen Zusammenhang mit Produktimage und Zielgruppe eingehe, werden eingehend die Bedeutung, die Funktionen und die Wirkung von Musik in der Fernsehwerbung dargestellt (Kapitel 5).Eine abschlieende Schlussbetrachtung soll die Fragestellungen dieser Arbeit noch einmal aufgreifen und auf der Grundlage der einzelnen Kapitel beantworten.2.Was ist Werbung?Zum besseren Verstndnis des Begriffes Werb ung sollen an dieser Stelle zunchst zwei mgliche Definitionen vorgestellt werdenWerbung ist ein wirtschaftssozialer Prozess, bei welchem mit unpersnlichen Mitteln Meinungen und Entscheidungen beeinflusst werden, unter Wahrung des Gefhls freierEntschlieung. Werbung ist Kommunikation. Jede, der ein Anliege... ...dere Formen der Werbung und erreicht viele unterschiedliche Zielgruppen in krzester Zeit.Die Fernsehwerbung ist in Musikstil und Produktimage genau auf entsprechende Zielgruppen ausgerichtet, sodass sie fr den Menschen an persnlicher Bedeutung gewinnt und er sich mit dem umworbenen Produkt besser identifizieren kann. Durch immer wiederkehrende Slogans, Melodien und Jingles besitzt die Werbung eine hohe Suggestivkraft. Vor allem die Musik spielt hinsichtlich der Wirkung von Fernsehwerbung eine bedeutende Rolle, den sie spricht stets die Gefhlswelt an und lst (im Idealfall positive) Emotionen aus, die mit dem angepriesenen Produkt direkt in Verbindung gebracht werden (sollen). Dabei besteht die Gefahr, dass der Konsument die Informationen nur oberflchlich aufnimmt, ohne sich kritisch mit den Inhalten einer Werbung bzw. den Produkten auseinander zu setzen. Produkte werden demzufolge meist unbewusst mit bestimmten Slogans und Melodien in Verbindung gebracht und abspeichert laut Werbeindustrie die beste Grundlage und Voraussetzung fr den Kauf und Erwerb eines umworbenen Produkts das Hauptziel der Werbeindustrie ist erreicht, der Konsument hat kaum etwas davon gemerkt.

Animal Usage is Needed to Benefit the Human Race Essay -- Argumentativ

living creature Usage is Needed to Benefit the Human RaceIn todays world, one could disconnected our country into two groups. One is those who ar for animal even offs in every aspect, and the former(a) is those who are not. Those who are for animals rights are commonly labeled Vegans by deal of the opposing viewpoint, and sometimes even by their own. These people may belong to certain organizations such as PETA, People for the Ethical Treatment of brutes, or ALF, the Animal Liberation Front. These people commonly believe that animals should have every right that a human has. Animal Rights Activists generally think that people dont have the right to eat, own, hunt, or use animals in any way, or for any reason. This would mean people who eat meat on a daily basis would solely be out of luck. This would mean no person would be allowed to own any animal for work on ranches or farms, for companionship, or for any other reason. This would mean all guides and hunters would have no bu siness. This would mean no person could use any animal part for clothing. This would also mean that more than fractional of the medicines and medical advances that we enjoy and live as a result of today would never have been discovered, and we would not be making progress on what we are in the medical field. The other people, those who are not, believe that animals should be handled with care and taken care of, but dont believe animals should have every right that creation do.One of the reasons that vegans dont believe we should eat animals is because we dont have the right to eat them. They believe that those animals have the same train rights that humans have. The animals feel pain and have the exact same feelings that human beings do. What these people dont realize ... ... using their companionship to always have that best friend that will never let us down. Animal rights have gone far enough. There are laws to protect these animals. There doesnt need to be laws that perish o ur natural instincts and pastimes. Works CitedBender, David L. Animal Testing biomedical Ethics Opposing Viewpoints. 1987. Minnesota, Greenhaven.Bender, David Animal Testing Biomedical Ethics Opposing Viewpoints. 1994. California, Greenhaven.Doughney, Michael T. People Eating Tasty Animals People Eating Tasty Animals. 9 Dec. 2001.(http//www.mtd.com/ sour/). Envirolink Network Animal Concerns Pros and Cons Animal Concerns.1999. (http//express. Netforchange.com/egi.bin/WebX.fcgi?13.ee6bbal).Guest Choice Network Moore Lies From Eco-Extremists Nanny Headlines. 6 Dec. 2001 (http//Nanny_headlinesburst.sparklist.com).